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Histopathological whole slide image (WSI) analysis with deep learning has become a research focus in computational pathology. The current paradigm is mainly based on multiple instance learning (MIL), in which approaches with Transformer as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Hongbo Chu , Qiehe Sun , Jiawen Li , Yuxuan Chen , Lizhong Zhang , Tian Guan , Anjia Han , Yonghong He

Pathological captioning of Whole Slide Images (WSIs), though is essential in computer-aided pathological diagnosis, has rarely been studied due to the limitations in datasets and model training efficacy. In this paper, we propose a new…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Wenkang Qin , Rui Xu , Peixiang Huang , Xiaomin Wu , Heyu Zhang , Lin Luo

In recent years, histopathological whole slide image (WSI)- based survival analysis has attracted much attention in medical image analysis. In practice, WSIs usually come from different hospitals or laboratories, which can be seen as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Yuntao Shou , Peiqiang Yan , Xingjian Yuan , Xiangyong Cao , Qian Zhao , Deyu Meng

The effective management of brain tumors relies on precise typing, subtyping, and grading. This study advances patient care with findings from rigorous multiple instance learning experimentations across various feature extractors and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Ekansh Chauhan , Amit Sharma , Megha S Uppin , C. V. Jawahar , P. K. Vinod

This paper introduces the novel concept of few-shot weakly supervised learning for pathology Whole Slide Image (WSI) classification, denoted as FSWC. A solution is proposed based on prompt learning and the utilization of a large language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Linhao Qu , Xiaoyuan Luo , Kexue Fu , Manning Wang , Zhijian Song

Acquiring annotations for whole slide images (WSIs)-based deep learning tasks, such as creating tissue segmentation masks or detecting mitotic figures, is a laborious process due to the extensive image size and the significant manual work…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Jingna Qiu , Marc Aubreville , Frauke Wilm , Mathias Öttl , Jonas Utz , Maja Schlereth , Katharina Breininger

Accurate diagnosis of disease often depends on the exhaustive examination of Whole Slide Images (WSI) at microscopic resolution. Efficient handling of these data-intensive images requires lossy compression techniques. This paper…

In this paper, we propose a novel interpretation method tailored to histological Whole Slide Image (WSI) processing. A Deep Neural Network (DNN), inspired by Bag-of-Features models is equipped with a Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) branch…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-17 Magdalini Paschali , Muhammad Ferjad Naeem , Walter Simson , Katja Steiger , Martin Mollenhauer , Nassir Navab

Whole-slide image (WSI) classification in computational pathology is commonly formulated as slide-level Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) with a single global bag representation. However, slide-level MIL is fundamentally underconstrained:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Syed Fahim Ahmed , Gnanesh Rasineni , Florian Koehler , Abu Zahid Bin Aziz , Mei Wang , Attila Gyulassy , Brian Summa , J. Quincy Brown , Valerio Pascucci , Shireen Y. Elhabian

Multiple instance learning (MIL)-based framework has become the mainstream for processing the whole slide image (WSI) with giga-pixel size and hierarchical image context in digital pathology. However, these methods heavily depend on a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Jiangbo Shi , Chen Li , Tieliang Gong , Yefeng Zheng , Huazhu Fu

Existing WSI analysis methods lie on the consensus that histopathological characteristics of tumors are significant guidance for cancer diagnostics. Particularly, as the evolution of cancers is a continuous process, the correlations and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Tong Shu , Jun Shi , Dongdong Sun , Zhiguo Jiang , Yushan Zheng

While Large Language Models (LLMs) are emerging as a promising direction in computational pathology, the substantial computational cost of giga-pixel Whole Slide Images (WSIs) necessitates the use of Multi-Instance Learning (MIL) to enable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Zhenfeng Zhuang , Fangyu Zhou , Liansheng Wang

Whole Slide Image (WSI) analysis, with its ability to reveal detailed tissue structures in magnified views, plays a crucial role in cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Due to their giga-sized nature, WSIs require substantial storage and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Doanh Cao Bui , Jin Tae Kwak

Mycosis fungoides (MF) is a rare, potentially life threatening skin disease, which in early stages clinically and histologically strongly resembles Eczema, a very common and benign skin condition. In order to increase the survival rate, one…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-14 Jérémy Scheurer , Claudio Ferrari , Luis Berenguer Todo Bom , Michaela Beer , Werner Kempf , Luis Haug

Whole slide image (WSI) assessment is a challenging and crucial step in cancer diagnosis and treatment planning. WSIs require high magnifications to facilitate sub-cellular analysis. Precise annotations for patch- or even pixel-level…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-20 Simon Holdenried-Krafft , Peter Somers , Ivonne A. Montes-Majarro , Diana Silimon , Cristina Tarín , Falko Fend , Hendrik P. A. Lensch

Semantic segmentation of breast cancer metastases in histopathological slides is a challenging task. In fact, significant variation in data characteristics of histopathology images (domain shift) make generalization of deep learning to…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-01 Gianluca Gerard , Marco Piastra

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) and transformers are increasingly popular in histopathology Whole Slide Image (WSI) classification. However, unlike human pathologists who selectively observe specific regions of histopathology tissues under…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Conghao Xiong , Hao Chen , Joseph J. Y. Sung , Irwin King

Due to the recent advancements in machine vision, digital pathology has gained significant attention. Histopathology images are distinctly rich in visual information. The tissue glass slide images are utilized for disease diagnosis.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-02 Danial Maleki , Mehdi Afshari , Morteza Babaie , H. R. Tizhoosh

Multiple instance learning (MIL) models have achieved remarkable success in analyzing whole slide images (WSIs) for disease classification problems. However, with regard to gigapixel WSI classification problems, current MIL models are often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Ziyu Su , Mostafa Rezapour , Usama Sajjad , Metin Nafi Gurcan , Muhammad Khalid Khan Niazi

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) methods allow for gigapixel Whole-Slide Image (WSI) analysis with only slide-level annotations. Interpretability is crucial for safely deploying such algorithms in high-stakes medical domains. Traditional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Susu Sun , Leslie Tessier , Frédérique Meeuwsen , Clément Grisi , Dominique van Midden , Geert Litjens , Christian F. Baumgartner