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In the study of microscopic flows, self-propulsion has been particularly topical in recent years, with the rise of miniature artificial swimmers as a new tool for flow control, low Reynolds number mixing, micromanipulation or even drug…

A superfluid flows without friction below a critical velocity, exhibiting zero drag force on impurities. Above this threshold, superfluidity breaks down, and the internal energy is redistributed into incoherent excitations such as vortices.…

We consider a suspension of active rigid particles (swimmers) in a steady Stokes flow, where particles are distributed according to a stationary ergodic random process, and we study its homogenization in the macroscopic limit. A key point…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2023-03-15 Armand Bernou , Mitia Duerinckx , Antoine Gloria

In the present paper the behavior of a single artificial microswimmer is addressed, namely an active droplet moving by Marangoni flow. The non-uniform surface tension distribution underlying the propulsion mechanism of the droplet, is…

Computational Physics · Physics 2017-09-13 Laura Stricker

Self-propelled particles can exhibit surprising non-equilibrium behaviors, and how they interact with obstacles or boundaries remains an important open problem. Here we show that chemically propelled micro-rods can be captured, with little…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2014-02-21 Daisuke Takagi , Jeremie Palacci , Adam B. Braunschweig , Michael J. Shelley , Jun Zhang

In this article a classification of some proposed macroscopic entropy production (MEP) principles is given. With the help of simple electrical network models, at least six interesting and most used principles are distinguished: the least…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Stijn Bruers

We combine a general formulation of microswimmmer equations of motion with a numerical bead-shell model to calculate the hydrodynamic interactions with the fluid, from which the swimming speed, power and efficiency are extracted. From this…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2017-03-07 Bram Bet , Gijs Boosten , Marjolein Dijkstra , René van Roij

We explore the consequences of a deterministic microscopic thermostat-reservoir contact mechanism. With different temperature reservoirs at each end of a two-dimensional system, a heat current is produced and the system has an anomalous…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-15 Gary P. Morriss , Daniel P. Truant

Microswimmers, especially in theoretical treatments, are generally taken to be completely inertia-free, since inertial effects on their motion are typically small and assuming their absence simplifies the problem considerably. Yet in nature…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2016-11-08 Jayant Pande , Kristina Pickl , Oleg Trosman , Ulrich Rüde , Ana-Sunčana Smith

Typically, in the description of active Brownian particles, a constant effective propulsion force is assumed, which is then subjected to fluctuations in orientation and translation leading to a persistent random walk with an enlarged…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2014-02-28 Sonja Babel , Borge ten Hagen , Hartmut Löwen

Entropy production is often interpreted as a proxy for microscopic disorder or environmental roughness in stochastic systems. We test this interpretation using controlled simulations of overdamped stochastic dynamics on curved surfaces in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-02-23 Patrick Romanescu

Biological microswimmers often encounter deformable boundaries in physiological conditions; for instance, the viscoelastic walls of reproductive tract during migration of spermatozoa, or host tissue during early bacterial biofilm formation.…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-08-07 Smita S. Sontakke , Aneesha Kajampady , Mohd Suhail Rizvi , Ranabir Dey

The present work investigates the effect of inertia on the entropy production rate $\Pi$ for all canonical models of active particles for different dimensions and the type of confinement. To calculate $\Pi$, the link between the entropy…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-02-01 Derek Frydel

In this paper we study a mathematical model of one-dimensional swimmers performing a planar motion while fully immersed in a viscous fluid. The swimmers are assumed to be of small size, and all inertial effects are neglected. Hydrodynamic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-04-25 Gianni Dal Maso , Antonio DeSimone , Marco Morandotti

Hydrodynamic interactions are crucial for determining the cooperative behavior of microswimmers at low Reynolds numbers. Here we provide a comprehensive analysis of the scaling and strength of the interactions in the case of a pair of…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-02-11 Sebastian Ziegler , Thomas Scheel , Maxime Hubert , Jens Harting , Ana-Sunčana Smith

We report on dynamic properties of a simple model microswimmer composed of three spheres and propelling itself in a viscous fluid by spinning motion of the spheres under zero net torque constraint. At a fixed temperature and increasing the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2008-05-08 Vladimir Lobaskin , Dmitry Lobaskin , Igor M. Kulic

In this work, we develop a computational framework that aims at simultaneously optimizing the shape and the slip velocity of an axisymmetric microswimmer suspended in a viscous fluid. We consider shapes of a given reduced volume that…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-05-02 Ruowen Liu , Hai Zhu , Hanliang Guo , Marc Bonnet , Shravan Veerapaneni

With the continuing rapid development of artificial microrobots and active particles, questions of microswimmer guidance and control are becoming ever more relevant and prevalent. In both the applications and theoretical study of such…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-06-03 Clément Moreau , Kenta Ishimoto , Eamonn A. Gaffney , Benjamin J. Walker

A minimal design for a molecular swimmer is proposed that is a based on a mechanochemical propulsion mechanism. Conformational changes are induced by electrostatic actuation when specific parts of the molecule temporarily acquire net…

Biological Physics · Physics 2015-05-19 Ramin Golestanian

Microswimmers often exhibit surprising patterns due to the nonequilibrium nature of their dynamics. Collectively, suspensions of microswimmers appear as a liquid whose properties set it apart from its passive counterpart. To understand the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2019-05-22 Fabian Jan Schwarzendahl , Marco G. Mazza
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