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Blazars exhibit flux and spectral variations of largest amplitude at the highest frequencies. Therefore, monitoring their variability at X- and gamma-rays is the most effective tool to peer into the mighty powerhouse of these sources. High…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Elena Pian

In recent years, blazar surveys at radio and X-ray energies have greatly increased our understanding of this type of active galaxy. The combination of multi-wavelength data has shown that blazars follow a well defined sequence in terms of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 I. de la Calle Perez

Blazar variability may be driven by stochastic processes. On the other hand, quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) behaviors are recently reported to be detected in $\it{Fermi}$-LAT data of blazars. However, the significances of these QPO…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-02-10 Shenbang Yang , Dahai Yan , Pengfei Zhang , Benzhong Dai , Li Zhang

Variable $\gamma$-ray flares upto minute timescales reflect extreme particle acceleration sites. However, for high-redshift blazars, the detection of such rapid variations remains limited by current telescope sensitivities. Gravitationally…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-01-14 Sushmita Agarwal , Amit Shukla , Pranjali Sharma

We used the data from the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope to characterise the {\gamma}-ray flux variability of blazars on month-like time scales. Our sample consists of 1120 blazars of which 481 are flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-02-12 Bhoomika Rajput , C. S. Stalin , Suvendu Rakshit

Blazar gamma-ray variability is predominantly stochastic and well described by red-noise processes. However, a subset of sources shows quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) on year-long timescales, whose physical origin remains debated. In…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-17 Alberto Domínguez , Adithiya Dinesh , Elena Madero

Blazars represent the most abundant class of high-energy extragalactic $\gamma$-ray sources. The subset of blazars known as BL Lac objects is on average closer to Earth and characterized by harder spectra at high energy than the whole…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-05-26 M. Di Mauro , F. Donato , G. Lamanna , D. A. Sanchez , P. D. Serpico

Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope has detected a diverse range of gamma-ray transients since its launch in 2008. Over the years, Fermi has accumulated an extensive public archive of transient events. Traditional classification methods for…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-31 Arpan Aryam John , Krushna Govind Shete , Shabnam Iyyani , Saptarshi Bej

The exact mechanism for the production of fast $\gamma$-ray variability in blazars remains debated. Magnetic reconnection, in which plasmoids filled with relativistic particles and magnetic fields are formed, is a viable candidate to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-05-06 Manuel Meyer , Maria Petropoulou , Ian Christie

We present multi-epoch optical spectroscopy of seven southern Fermi-monitored blazars from 2008 - 2013 using the Small and Medium Aperture Research Telescope System (SMARTS), with supplemental spectroscopy and polarization data from the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-11-11 Jedidah C. Isler , C. M. Urry , C. Bailyn , P. S. Smith , P. Coppi , M. Brady , E. Macpherson , I. Hasan , M. Buxton

With their jet pointing towards us, blazars are ideal tools to study the physics and structure of extragalactic jets. Their powerful jets are cosmic particle accelerators and are alleged to be one of the production sites of the high-energy…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-11-25 Claudia M. Raiteri

Blazars represent dominant population of the extragalactic $\gamma$-ray sources in the Universe. These sources exhibit some characteristic properties like strong and non-thermal continuum emission over the entire electromagnetic spectrum…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-10-07 K. K. Singh , P. J. Meintjes

Blazars are a small fraction of all extragalactic sources but, unlike other objects, they are strong emitters across the entire electromagnetic spectrum. Recent data in the microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum have become…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2013-12-24 D. Gasparrini , E. Cavazzuti , P. Giommi , C. Pittori , S. Colafrancesco , Fermi-LAT collaboration

A time-dependent emission model for blazar jets, taking acceleration due to Fermi-I and Fermi-II processes for electrons and protons as well as all relevant radiative processes self-consistently into account, is presented. The presence of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-12-10 Matthias Weidinger , Felix Spanier

The recently published fourth Fermi Large Area Telescope source catalog (4FGL) reports 5065 gamma-ray sources in terms of direct observational gamma-ray properties. Among the sources, the largest population is the Active Galactic Nuclei…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-01-08 Shi-Ju Kang , Enze Li , Wujing Ou , Kerui Zhu , Jun-Hui Fan , Qingwen Wu , Yue Yin

We present statistical analyses of a large homogenous data sample of Fermi-detected blazars thoroughly studied in order to reassess the relationship between flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) and subclasses of BL Lacertae objects (BL Lacs)…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-08-18 E. U. Iyida , F. C. Odo , A. E. Chukwude , A. A. Ubachukwu

A model is developed for the time dependent electromagnetic - radio to gamma-ray - emission of active galactic nuclei, specifically, the blazars, based on the acceleration and creation of leptons at a propagating discontinuity or {\it…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-02-03 M. M. Romanova , R. V. E. Lovelace

Almost 10 yr of $\gamma$-ray observations with the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) have revealed extreme $\gamma$-ray outbursts from flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs), temporarily making these objects the brightest $\gamma$-ray emitters…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-01-31 Manuel Meyer , Jeffrey D. Scargle , Roger D. Blandford

The detection of high-redshift ($z>$3) blazars enables the study of the evolution of the most luminous relativistic jets over cosmic time. More importantly, high-redshift blazars tend to host massive black holes and can be used to constrain…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-04-25 Large Area Telescope Collaboration

This work investigates the multi-wavelength properties of 165 4FGL blazars from the Fermi-LAT fourth source catalogue, looking for with counterparts in the Australian SKA Pathfinder (ASKAP) First Large Absorption Survey in HI (FLASH)…