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The existence of incompatible measurements is often believed to be a feature of quantum theory which signals its inconsistency with any classical worldview. To prove the failure of classicality in the sense of Kochen-Specker…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-05 John H. Selby , David Schmid , Elie Wolfe , Ana Belén Sainz , Ravi Kunjwal , Robert W. Spekkens

Generalized noncontextuality is a well-studied notion of classicality that is applicable to a single system, as opposed to Bell locality. It relies on representing operationally indistinguishable procedures identically in an ontological…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-13 Victor Gitton , Mischa P. Woods

Within the framework of generalized noncontextuality, we introduce a general technique for systematically deriving noncontextuality inequalities for any experiment involving finitely many preparations and finitely many measurements, each of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-16 David Schmid , Robert W. Spekkens , Elie Wolfe

To make precise the sense in which nature fails to respect classical physics, one requires a formal notion of classicality. Ideally, such a notion should be defined operationally, so that it can be subjected to a direct experimental test,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-06-21 Michael D. Mazurek , Matthew F. Pusey , Ravi Kunjwal , Kevin J. Resch , Robert W. Spekkens

It is useful to have a criterion for when the predictions of an operational theory should be considered classically explainable. Here we take the criterion to be that the theory admits of a generalized-noncontextual ontological model.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-14 David Schmid , John H. Selby , Matthew F. Pusey , Robert W. Spekkens

To make precise the sense in which the operational predictions of quantum theory conflict with a classical worldview, it is necessary to articulate a notion of classicality within an operational framework. A widely applicable notion of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-03 David Schmid , John Selby , Elie Wolfe , Ravi Kunjwal , Robert W. Spekkens

Identifying when observed statistics cannot be explained by any reasonable classical model is a central problem in quantum foundations. A principled and universally applicable approach to defining and identifying nonclassicality is given by…

Generalized contextuality refers to our inability of explaining measurement statistics using a context-independent probabilistic and ontological model. On the other hand, measurement statistics can also be modeled using the framework of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-03 Farid Shahandeh

When it isn't possible to tell two distinct experimental procedures apart purely from their input/output statistics, then it seems a plausible hypothesis that the two procedures must be physically identical. We call such a hypothesis…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-17 Ravi Kunjwal

An operational definition of contextuality is introduced which generalizes the standard notion in three ways: (1) it applies to arbitrary operational theories rather than just quantum theory, (2) it applies to arbitrary experimental…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 R. W. Spekkens

Contextuality is regarded as a non-classical feature, challenging our everyday intuition; quantum contextuality is currently seen as a resource for many applications in quantum computation, being responsible for quantum advantage over…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-16 Roberto D. Baldijao , Marcelo Terra Cunha

Generalized contextuality is a possible indicator of non-classical behaviour in quantum information theory. In finite-dimensional systems, this is justified by the fact that noncontextual theories can be embedded into some simplex, i.e.…

The non-classicality of single quantum systems can be formalised using the notion of contextuality. But can contextuality be convincingly demonstrated in an experiment, without reference to the quantum formalism? The operational approach to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-19 Matthew F. Pusey , Lídia del Rio , Bettina Meyer

It is commonly believed that failures of tomographic completeness undermine assessments of nonclassicality in noncontextuality experiments. In this work, we study how such failures can indeed lead to mistaken assessments of nonclassicality.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-15 David Schmid , John H. Selby , Vinicius P. Rossi , Roberto D. Baldijão , Ana Belén Sainz

A well motivated method for demonstrating that an experiment resists any classical explanation is to show that its statistics violate generalized noncontextuality. We here formulate this problem as a linear program and provide an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-05 John H. Selby , Elie Wolfe , David Schmid , Ana Belén Sainz , Vinicius P. Rossi

Contextuality is a central feature of quantum theory, traditionally understood as the impossibility of reproducing quantum measurement statistics using noncontextual ontological models. We study classical ontological descriptions in which a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Song-Ju Kim

A central result in the foundations of quantum mechanics is the Kochen-Specker theorem. In short, it states that quantum mechanics is in conflict with classical models in which the result of a measurement does not depend on which other…

The formalism of generalized probabilistic theories (GPTs) was originally developed as a way to characterize the landscape of conceivable physical theories. Thus, the GPT describing a given physical theory necessarily includes all…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-05 John H. Selby , David Schmid , Elie Wolfe , Ana Belén Sainz , Ravi Kunjwal , Robert W. Spekkens

Contextuality is considered as an intrinsic signature of non-classicality, and a crucial resource for achieving unique advantages of quantum information processing. However, recently there have been debates on whether classical fields may…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-28 Aonan Zhang , Huichao Xu , Jie Xie , Han Zhang , Brian J. Smith , M. S. Kim , Lijian Zhang

Contextuality is the leading notion of nonclassicality for a single system. However, an experimental demonstration requires finding procedures that are operationally equivalent, which might seem impossible to achieve exactly. Here I focus…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-08 Matthew F. Pusey
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