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Diffusion models have emerged as the principal paradigm for generative modeling across various domains. During training, they learn the score function, which in turn is used to generate samples at inference. They raise a basic yet unsolved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Kiwhan Song , Jaeyeon Kim , Sitan Chen , Yilun Du , Sham Kakade , Vincent Sitzmann

Score-based models have achieved remarkable results in the generative modeling of many domains. By learning the gradient of smoothed data distribution, they can iteratively generate samples from complex distribution e.g. natural images.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Binxu Wang , John J. Vastola

Hiding data using neural networks (i.e., neural steganography) has achieved remarkable success across both discriminative classifiers and generative adversarial networks. However, the potential of data hiding in diffusion models remains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Haoyu Chen , Yunqiao Yang , Nan Zhong , Kede Ma

Recent empirical studies have demonstrated that diffusion models can effectively learn the image distribution and generate new samples. Remarkably, these models can achieve this even with a small number of training samples despite a large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Peng Wang , Huijie Zhang , Zekai Zhang , Siyi Chen , Yi Ma , Qing Qu

Generative models such as diffusion models have achieved remarkable success in state-of-the-art image and text tasks. Recently, score-based diffusion models have extended their success beyond image generation, showing competitive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Jia Jun Cheng Xian , Sadegh Mahdavi , Renjie Liao , Oliver Schulte

Diffusion Models (DMs), also referred to as score-based diffusion models, utilize neural networks to specify score functions. Unlike most other probabilistic models, DMs directly model the score functions, which makes them more flexible to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Weijian Luo

Score-based diffusion models are a highly effective method for generating samples from a distribution of images. We consider scenarios where the training data comes from a noisy version of the target distribution, and present an efficiently…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-30 Dennis Elbrächter , Giovanni S. Alberti , Matteo Santacesaria

Statistical inference on large-dimensional tensor data has been extensively studied in the literature and widely used in economics, biology, machine learning, and other fields, but how to generate a structured tensor with a target…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-02 Jianhua Guo , Xinbing Kong , Zeyu Li , Junfan Mao

Diffusion models are a class of probabilistic generative models that have been widely used as a prior for image processing tasks like text conditional generation and inpainting. We demonstrate that these models can be adapted to make…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Marc Finzi , Anudhyan Boral , Andrew Gordon Wilson , Fei Sha , Leonardo Zepeda-Núñez

Generated images of score-based models can suffer from errors in their spatial means, an effect, referred to as a color shift, which grows for larger images. This paper investigates a previously-introduced approach to mitigate color shifts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Katherine Deck , Tobias Bischoff

In the field of inverse estimation for systems modeled by partial differential equations (PDEs), challenges arise when estimating high- (or even infinite-) dimensional parameters. Typically, the ill-posed nature of such problems…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Yankun Hong , Harshit Bansal , Karen Veroy

Training a diffusion model approximates a map from a data distribution $\rho$ to the optimal score function $s_t$ for that distribution. Can we differentiate this map? If we could, then we could predict how the score, and ultimately the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Christopher Scarvelis , Justin Solomon

Score-based models generate samples by mapping noise to data (and vice versa) via a high-dimensional diffusion process. We question whether it is necessary to run this entire process at high dimensionality and incur all the inconveniences…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Bowen Jing , Gabriele Corso , Renato Berlinghieri , Tommi Jaakkola

Curse of Dimensionality is an unavoidable challenge in statistical probability models, yet diffusion models seem to overcome this limitation, achieving impressive results in high-dimensional data generation. Diffusion models assume that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-01 Zhenxin Zheng , Zhenjie Zheng

We present a mechanism to steer the sampling diversity of denoising diffusion and flow matching models, allowing users to sample from a sharper or broader distribution than the training distribution. We build on the observation that these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yanbo Xu , Yu Wu , Sungjae Park , Zhizhuo Zhou , Shubham Tulsiani

Most existing theoretical investigations of the accuracy of diffusion models, albeit significant, assume the score function has been approximated to a certain accuracy, and then use this a priori bound to control the error of generation.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Yuqing Wang , Ye He , Molei Tao

As a class of generative artificial intelligence frameworks inspired by statistical physics, diffusion models have shown extraordinary performance in synthesizing complicated data distributions through a denoising process gradually guided…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Fangjun Hu , Guangkuo Liu , Yifan F. Zhang , Xun Gao

Machine learning models are increasingly trained or fine-tuned on synthetic data. Recursively training on such data has been observed to significantly degrade performance in a wide range of tasks, often characterized by a progressive drift…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-19 Nail B. Khelifa , Richard E. Turner , Ramji Venkataramanan

Diffusion probabilistic models have been successfully used to generate data from noise. However, most diffusion models are computationally expensive and difficult to interpret with a lack of theoretical justification. Random feature models…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-11 Esha Saha , Giang Tran

Diffusion models are widely used in applications ranging from image generation to inverse problems. However, training diffusion models typically requires clean ground-truth images, which are unavailable in many applications. We introduce…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-20 Chicago Y. Park , Shirin Shoushtari , Hongyu An , Ulugbek S. Kamilov