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Nature-inspired computation is receiving increasing attention. Various Ising machine implementations have recently been proven to be effective in solving numerous combinatorial optimization problems including maximum cut, low density parity…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Ahmet Yusuf Salim , Bart Selman , Henry Kautz , Zeljko Ignjatovic , Selçuk Köse

Boolean satisfiability (SAT) is a propositional logic problem of determining whether an assignment of variables satisfies a Boolean formula. Many combinatorial optimization problems can be formulated in Boolean SAT logic -- either as k-SAT…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-12 Robert Simon Fong , Yanming Song , Alexander Yosifov

The Boolean constraint satisfaction problem 3-SAT is arguably the canonical NP-complete problem. In contrast, 2-SAT can not only be decided in polynomial time, but in fact in deterministic linear time. In 2006, Bravyi proposed a physically…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-25 Niel de Beaudrap , Sevag Gharibian

Boolean satisfiability (SAT) problem, the first problem proven to be NP-complete, has become a fundamental challenge in computational complexity, with widespread applications in optimization and verification across many domains. Despite…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Curie Kim , Carsten Portner , Mingju Liu , Steve Dai , Haoxing Ren , Brucek Khailany , Alvaro Velasquez , Ismail Alkhouri , Cunxi Yu

As a natural variant of the $k$-SAT problem, NAE-$k$-SAT additionally requires the literals in each clause to take not-all-equal (NAE) truth values. In this paper, we study the worst-case time complexities of solving NAE-$k$-SAT and…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-06-27 S. Cliff Liu

In this paper, we extend the Maximum Satisfiability (MaxSAT) problem to {\L}ukasiewicz logic. The MaxSAT problem for a set of formulae {\Phi} is the problem of finding an assignment to the variables in {\Phi} that satisfies the maximum…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-06-12 Mohamed El Halaby , Areeg Abdalla

A variant of the well-known Assignment Problem is studied in this paper, where pairs of assignments are conflicting, and cannot be selected at the same time. This configures a set of hard constraints. The problem, which models real…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-06-06 Roberto Montemanni , Derek H. Smith

Here we study the NP-complete $K$-SAT problem. Although the worst-case complexity of NP-complete problems is conjectured to be exponential, there exist parametrized random ensembles of problems where solutions can typically be found in…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2019-07-11 Hendrik Schawe , Roman Bleim , Alexander K. Hartmann

Most recent MaxSAT algorithms rely on a succession of calls to a SAT solver in order to find an optimal solution. In particular, several algorithms take advantage of the ability of SAT solvers to identify unsatisfiable subformulas. Usually,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-05-12 Miguel Neves , Ruben Martins , Mikoláš Janota , Inês Lynce , Vasco Manquinho

We experimentally study the performance of a programmable quantum annealing processor, the D-Wave One (DW1) with up to 108 qubits, on maximum satisfiability problem with 2 variables per clause (MAX 2-SAT) problems. We consider ensembles of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-04-24 Siddhartha Santra , Greg Quiroz , Greg Ver Steeg , Daniel Lidar

3-SAT problem is of great importance to many technical and scientific applications. This paper presents a new hybrid evolutionary algorithm for solving this satisfiability problem. 3-SAT problem has the huge search space and hence it is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-06-24 Nasser Lotfi , Jamshid Tamouk , Mina Farmanbar

We consider worst case time bounds for NP-complete problems including 3-SAT, 3-coloring, 3-edge-coloring, and 3-list-coloring. Our algorithms are based on a constraint satisfaction (CSP) formulation of these problems. 3-SAT is equivalent to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2010-01-21 Richard Beigel , David Eppstein

A canonical result about satisfiability theory is that the 2-SAT problem can be solved in linear time, despite the NP-hardness of the 3-SAT problem. In the quantum 2-SAT problem, we are given a family of 2-qubit projectors $\Pi_{ij}$ on a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-27 Itai Arad , Miklos Santha , Aarthi Sundaram , Shengyu Zhang

Modern neural networks obtain information about the problem and calculate the output solely from the input values. We argue that it is not always optimal, and the network's performance can be significantly improved by augmenting it with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Emils Ozolins , Karlis Freivalds , Andis Draguns , Eliza Gaile , Ronalds Zakovskis , Sergejs Kozlovics

Dynamical systems can offer a novel non-Boolean approach to computing. Specifically, the natural minimization of energy in the system is a valuable property for minimizing the objective functions of combinatorial optimization problems, many…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2022-09-19 Mohammad Khairul Bashar , Zongli Lin , Nikhil Shukla

The wide adoption of machine learning approaches in the industry, government, medicine and science has renewed the interest in interpretable machine learning: many decisions are too important to be delegated to black-box techniques such as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-12-06 Dmitry Malioutov , Kuldeep S. Meel

We study $q$-SAT in the multistage model, focusing on the linear-time solvable 2-SAT. Herein, given a sequence of $q$-CNF fomulas and a non-negative integer $d$, the question is whether there is a sequence of satisfying truth assignments…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-11-05 Till Fluschnik

We present a Satisfiability (SAT)-based approach for building Mixed Covering Arrays with Constraints of minimum length, referred to as the Covering Array Number problem. This problem is central in Combinatorial Testing for the detection of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-27 Carlos Ansótegui , Felip Manyà , Jesus Ojeda , Josep M. Salvia , Eduard Torres

We investigate parameterizing hard combinatorial problems by the size of the solution set compared to all solution candidates. Our main result is a uniform sampling algorithm for satisfying assignments of 2-CNF formulas that runs in…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2017-08-04 Jean Cardinal , Jerri Nummenpalo , Emo Welzl

The problem of P vs. NP is very serious, and solutions to the problem can help save lives. This article is an attempt at solving the problem using a computer algorithm. It is presented in a fashion that will hopefully allow for easy…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Matt Groff