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This paper focuses on developing effective algorithms for solving bilevel program. The most popular approach is to replace the lower-level problem by its Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions to generate a mathematical program with complementarity…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-02-20 Yu-Wei Li , Gui-Hua Lin , Xide Zhu

This paper considers a bilevel program. To solve this bilevel program, it is generally necessary to transform it into some single-level optimization problem. One approach is to replace the lower-level program by its KKT conditions to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-04 Yu-Wei Li , Gui-Hua Lin , Xide Zhu

Usually, bilevel optimization problems need to be transformed into single-level ones in order to derive optimality conditions and solution algorithms. Among the available approaches, the replacement of the lower-level problem by means of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-02-17 Stephan Dempe , Patrick Mehlitz

For bilevel programs with a convex lower level program, the classical approach replaces the lower level program with its Karush-Kuhn-Tucker condition and solve the resulting mathematical program with complementarity constraint (MPCC). It is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-12 Kuang Bai , Jane Ye , Shangzhi Zeng

Bilevel programs are optimization problems where some variables are solutions to optimization problems themselves, and they arise in a variety of control applications, including: control of vehicle traffic networks, inverse reinforcement…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-09-27 Aurélien Ouattara , Anil Aswani

Hyperparameter tuning is an important task of machine learning, which can be formulated as a bilevel program (BLP). However, most existing algorithms are not applicable for BLP with non-smooth lower-level problems. To address this, we…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-04 He Chen , Haochen Xu , Rujun Jiang , Anthony Man-Cho So

In this paper we study constraint qualifications and optimality conditions for bilevel programming problems. We strive to derive checkable constraint qualifications in terms of problem data and applicable optimality conditions. For the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-10-10 Jane J. Ye

A bilevel program is an optimization problem whose constraints involve another optimization problem. This paper studies bilevel polynomial programs (BPPs), i.e., all the functions are polynomials. We reformulate BPPs equivalently as…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-11-04 Jiawang Nie , Li Wang , Jane Ye

We investigate a family of bilevel imaging learning problems where the lower-level instance corresponds to a convex variational model involving first- and second-order nonsmooth sparsity-based regularizers. By using geometric properties of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-03-21 Juan Carlos De los Reyes

Bilevel programs with spatial price equilibrium constraints are strategic models that consider a price competition at the lower level. These models find application in facility location-price models, optimal bidding in power networks, and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-25 Akshit Goyal , Jean-Philippe P. Richard

We study Frank-Wolfe (FW) methods for constrained bilevel optimization when the lower-level problem is solved only approximately, yielding biased and inexact hypergradients. We analyze inexact variants of vanilla FW as well as away-step and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-27 Anthony Palmieri , Francesco Rinaldi , Saverio Salzo , Sara Venturini

Bilevel programming has emerged as a valuable tool for hyperparameter selection, a central concern in machine learning. In a recent study by Ye et al. (2023), a value function-based difference of convex algorithm was introduced to address…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-23 Lucy L. Gao , Jane J. Ye , Haian Yin , Shangzhi Zeng , Jin Zhang

In this paper we begin by discussing the simple bilevel programming problem (SBP) and its extension the simple mathematical programming problem under equilibrium constraints (SMPEC). Here we first define both these problems and study their…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-12-16 Stephan Dempe , Nguyen Dinh , Joydeep Dutta , Tanushree Pandit

The bilevel program is an optimization problem where the constraint involves solutions to a parametric optimization problem. It is well-known that the value function reformulation provides an equivalent single-level optimization problem but…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-11-19 Kuang Bai , Jane Ye

Bilevel optimization has found successful applications in various machine learning problems, including hyper-parameter optimization, data cleaning, and meta-learning. However, its huge computational cost presents a significant challenge for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Xiaoyu Wang , Rui Pan , Renjie Pi , Jipeng Zhang

We prove weak duality between two recent convex relaxation methods for bounding the optimal value of a constrained variational problem in which the objective is an integral functional. The first approach, proposed by Valmorbida et al. (IEEE…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-07-01 Giovanni Fantuzzi

A mathematical programming problem with affine equilibrium constraints (AMPEC) is a bilevel programming problem where the lower one is a parametric affine variational inequality. We formulate some classes of bilevel programming in forms of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2011-05-18 Le Dung Muu , Tran Dinh Quoc , Le Thi Hoai An , Pham Dinh Tao

We consider the convex bilevel optimization problem, also known as simple bilevel programming. There are two challenges in solving convex bilevel optimization problems. Firstly, strong duality is not guaranteed due to the lack of Slater…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-29 Khanh-Hung Giang-Tran , Nam Ho-Nguyen , Fatma Kılınç-Karzan , Lingqing Shen

In this paper, we consider bilevel optimization problem where the lower-level has coupled constraints, i.e. the constraints depend both on the upper- and lower-level variables. In particular, we consider two settings for the lower-level…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-03-14 Xiaotian Jiang , Jiaxiang Li , Mingyi Hong , Shuzhong Zhang

Bilevel optimization problems embed the optimality of a subproblem as a constraint of another optimization problem. We introduce the concept of near-optimality robustness for bilevel optimization, protecting the upper-level solution…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-07-15 Mathieu Besançon , Miguel F. Anjos , Luce Brotcorne
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