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Related papers: Transaction Fee Mining and Mechanism Design

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Low transaction throughput and poor scalability are significant issues in public blockchain consensus protocols such as Bitcoins. Recent research efforts in this direction have proposed shard-based consensus protocols where the key idea is…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-09-26 Mohammad Hossein Manshaei , Murtuza Jadliwala , Anindya Maiti , Mahdi Fooladgar

Censorship resistance is one of the core value proposition of blockchains. A recurring design pattern aimed at providing censorship resistance is enabling multiple proposers to contribute inputs into block construction. Notably, Fork-Choice…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Aikaterini-Panagiota Stouka , Julian Ma , Thomas Thiery

Participation in permissionless blockchains results in competition over system resources, which needs to be controlled with fees. Ethereum's current fee mechanism is implemented via a first-price auction that results in unpredictable fees…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Stefanos Leonardos , Barnabé Monnot , Daniël Reijsbergen , Stratis Skoulakis , Georgios Piliouras

Blockchains have block-size limits to ensure the entire cluster can keep up with the tip of the chain. These block-size limits are usually single-dimensional, but richer multidimensional constraints allow for greater throughput. The…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Nir Lavee , Noam Nisan , Mallesh Pai , Max Resnick

Ethereum Improvement Proposal (EIP) 1559 was recently implemented to transform Ethereum's transaction fee market. EIP-1559 utilizes an algorithmic update rule with a constant learning rate to estimate a base fee. The base fee reflects…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Daniël Reijsbergen , Shyam Sridhar , Barnabé Monnot , Stefanos Leonardos , Stratis Skoulakis , Georgios Piliouras

Blockchains rely on economic incentives to ensure secure and decentralised operation, making incentive compatibility a core design concern. However, protocols are rarely deployed in isolation. Applications interact with the underlying…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Zeta Avarikioti , Georg Fuchsbauer , Pim Keer , Matteo Maffei , Fabian Regen

Blockchain is a technology that provides a distributed ledger that stores previous records while maintaining consistency and security. Bitcoin is the first and largest decentralized electronic cryptographic system that uses blockchain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Befekadu G. Gebraselase , Bjarne E. Helvik , Yuming Jiang

We study a mechanism design problem in the blockchain proof-of-stake (PoS) protocol. Our main objective is to extend the transaction fee mechanism (TFM) recently proposed in Chung and Shi (SODA, p.3856-3899, 2023), so as to incorporate a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Wenpin Tang , David D. Yao

Most public blockchain protocols, including the popular Bitcoin and Ethereum blockchains, do not formally specify the order in which miners should select transactions from the pool of pending (or uncommitted) transactions for inclusion in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-25 Johnnatan Messias , Mohamed Alzayat , Balakrishnan Chandrasekaran , Krishna P. Gummadi , Patrick Loiseau , Alan Mislove

I study a repeated auction in which payments are made with a blockchain token created and initially owned by the auction designer. Unlike the ``virtual money'' previously examined in mechanism design, such tokens can be saved and traded…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-10-23 Andrea Canidio

Bitcoin-NG, a scalable blockchain protocol, divides each block into a key block and many micro blocks to effectively improve the transaction processing capacity. Bitcoin-NG has a special incentive mechanism (i.e. splitting transaction fees…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Taotao Wang , Xiaoqian Bai , Hao Wang , Soung Chang Liew , Shengli Zhang

Off-chain transaction channels represent one of the leading techniques to scale the transaction throughput in cryptocurrencies. However, the economic effect of transaction channels on the system has not been explored much until now. We…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Simina Brânzei , Erel Segal-Halevi , Aviv Zohar

Payment channels networks drastically increase the throughput and hence scalability of blockchains by performing transactions \emph{off-chain}. In an off-chain payment, parties deposit coins in a channel and then perform transactions…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-12-21 Yuup van Engelshoven , Stefanie Roos

Consensus protocols are currently the bottlenecks that prevent blockchain systems from scaling. However, we argue that transaction execution is also important to the performance and security of blockchains. In other words, there are ample…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-07-15 Daniël Reijsbergen , Tien Tuan Anh Dinh

Motivated by the great success and adoption of Bitcoin, a number of cryptocurrencies such as Litecoin, Dogecoin, and Ethereum are becoming increasingly popular. Although existing blockchain-based cryptocurrency schemes can ensure reasonable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-12-02 Jian Liu , Wenting Li , Ghassan O. Karame , N. Asokan

Mining fairness in blockchain refers to equality between the computational resources invested in mining and the block rewards received. There exists a dilemma wherein increasing the transaction processing capacity of a blockchain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Akira Sakurai , Kazuyuki Shudo

Bitcoin has become the leading cryptocurrency system, but the limit on its transaction processing capacity has resulted in increased transaction fees and delayed transaction confirmation. As such, it is pertinent to understand and probably…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-21 Befekadu G. Gebraselase , Bjarne E. Helvik , Yuming Jiang

Public blockchains implement a fee mechanism to allocate scarce computational resources across competing transactions. Most existing fee market designs utilize a joint, fungible unit of account (e.g., gas in Ethereum) to price otherwise…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-11-04 Theo Diamandis , Alex Evans , Tarun Chitra , Guillermo Angeris

We study blockchain trade-intent auctions, which currently intermediate about USD 10 billion in trades each month. These auctions are combinatorial because executing multiple trade intents jointly generates additional efficiencies. However,…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-10-27 Andrea Canidio , Felix Henneke

Bitcoin-NG is an extensible blockchain protocol based on the same trust model as Bitcoin. It divides each epoch into one Key-Block and multiple Micro-Blocks, effectively improving transaction processing capacity. Bitcoin-NG adopts a special…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Junjie Hu , Zhe Jiang , Chunxiang Xu