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We study computable PAC (CPAC) learning as introduced by Agarwal et al. (2020). First, we consider the main open question of finding characterizations of proper and improper CPAC learning. We give a characterization of a closely related…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Tom F. Sterkenburg

We initiate the study of computability requirements for adversarially robust learning. Adversarially robust PAC-type learnability is by now an established field of research. However, the effects of computability requirements in PAC-type…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Pascale Gourdeau , Tosca Lechner , Ruth Urner

This paper is about the recent notion of computably probably approximately correct learning, which lies between the statistical learning theory where there is no computational requirement on the learner and efficient PAC where the learner…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Matthew Harrison-Trainor , Syed Akbari

The standard definition of PAC learning (Valiant 1984) requires learners to succeed under all distributions -- even ones that are intractable to sample from. This stands in contrast to samplable PAC learning (Blum, Furst, Kearns, and Lipton…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Guy Blanc , Caleb Koch , Jane Lange , Carmen Strassle , Li-Yang Tan

We study the problem of computable multiclass learnability within the Probably Approximately Correct (PAC) learning framework of Valiant (1984). In the recently introduced computable PAC (CPAC) learning framework of Agarwal et al. (2020),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Pascale Gourdeau , Tosca Lechner , Ruth Urner

The problem of attempting to learn the mapping between data and labels is the crux of any machine learning task. It is, therefore, of interest to the machine learning community on practical as well as theoretical counts to consider the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Sairaam Venkatraman , S Balasubramanian , R Raghunatha Sarma

In reinforcement learning, the classic objectives of maximizing discounted and finite-horizon cumulative rewards are PAC-learnable: There are algorithms that learn a near-optimal policy with high probability using a finite amount of samples…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Cambridge Yang , Michael Littman , Michael Carbin

We present a formal proof in Lean of probably approximately correct (PAC) learnability of the concept class of decision stumps. This classic result in machine learning theory derives a bound on error probabilities for a simple type of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-11 Joseph Tassarotti , Koundinya Vajjha , Anindya Banerjee , Jean-Baptiste Tristan

We study computable probably approximately correct (CPAC) learning, where learners are required to be computable functions. It had been previously observed that the Fundamental Theorem of Statistical Learning, which characterizes PAC…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 David Kattermann , Lothar Sebastian Krapp

Probably Approximately Correct (i.e., PAC) learning is a core concept of sample complexity theory, and efficient PAC learnability is often seen as a natural counterpart to the class P in classical computational complexity. But while the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-04-28 Cornelius Brand , Robert Ganian , Kirill Simonov

We study the problem of learning robust classifiers where the classifier will receive a perturbed input. Unlike robust PAC learning studied in prior work, here the clean data and its label are also adversarially chosen. We formulate this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Sajad Ashkezari

Machine learning researchers and practitioners steadily enlarge the multitude of successful learning models. They achieve this through in-depth theoretical analyses and experiential heuristics. However, there is no known general-purpose…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Matthias C. Caro

Valiant's 1984 paper is widely credited with introducing the PAC learning model, but it, in fact, introduced a different model: unlike PAC learning, the learner receives only positives, may issue membership queries, and must output a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-14 Steve Hanneke , Anay Mehrotra , Grigoris Velegkas , Manolis Zampetakis

We demonstrate a compactness result holding broadly across supervised learning with a general class of loss functions: Any hypothesis class $H$ is learnable with transductive sample complexity $m$ precisely when all of its finite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Julian Asilis , Siddartha Devic , Shaddin Dughmi , Vatsal Sharan , Shang-Hua Teng

We study contrastive learning under the PAC learning framework. While a series of recent works have shown statistical results for learning under contrastive loss, based either on the VC-dimension or Rademacher complexity, their algorithms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Jie Shen

Delle Rose et al.~(COLT'23) introduced an effective version of the Vapnik-Chervonenkis dimension, and showed that it characterizes improper PAC learning with total computable learners. In this paper, we introduce and study a similar…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Valentino Delle Rose , Alexander Kozachinskiy , Tomasz Steifer

This note serves three purposes: (i) we provide a self-contained exposition of the fact that conjunctive queries are not efficiently learnable in the Probably-Approximately-Correct (PAC) model, paying clear attention to the complicating…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-07-28 Balder ten Cate , Maurice Funk , Jean Christoph Jung , Carsten Lutz

In many learning theory problems, a central role is played by a hypothesis class: we might assume that the data is labeled according to a hypothesis in the class (usually referred to as the realizable setting), or we might evaluate the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-17 Lunjia Hu , Charlotte Peale

We continue the study of the computational complexity of differentially private PAC learning and how it is situated within the foundations of machine learning. A recent line of work uncovered a qualitative equivalence between the private…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Mark Bun , Aloni Cohen , Rathin Desai

We informally call a stochastic process learnable if it admits a generalization error approaching zero in probability for any concept class with finite VC-dimension (IID processes are the simplest example). A mixture of learnable processes…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-07-27 Cosma Rohilla Shalizi , Aryeh Kontorovich
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