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Refactoring is the process of changing the internal structure of software to improve its quality without modifying its external behavior. Empirical studies have repeatedly shown that refactoring has a positive impact on the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-09-14 Maurício Aniche , Erick Maziero , Rafael Durelli , Vinicius Durelli

As the demand for programming skills grows across industries and academia, students often turn to Programming Online Judge (POJ) platforms for coding practice and competition. The difficulty level of each programming problem serves as an…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Zhiyuan Wang , Wei Zhang , Jun Wang

Unsupervised multitask pre-training has been the critical method behind the recent success of language models (LMs). However, supervised multitask learning still holds significant promise, as scaling it in the post-training stage trends…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Daixuan Cheng , Yuxian Gu , Shaohan Huang , Junyu Bi , Minlie Huang , Furu Wei

Large pre-trained code generation models, such as OpenAI Codex, can generate syntax- and function-correct code, making the coding of programmers more productive and our pursuit of artificial general intelligence closer. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Qinkai Zheng , Xiao Xia , Xu Zou , Yuxiao Dong , Shan Wang , Yufei Xue , Zihan Wang , Lei Shen , Andi Wang , Yang Li , Teng Su , Zhilin Yang , Jie Tang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly impacted numerous domains, including Software Engineering (SE). Many recent publications have explored LLMs applied to various SE tasks. Nevertheless, a comprehensive understanding of the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Xinyi Hou , Yanjie Zhao , Yue Liu , Zhou Yang , Kailong Wang , Li Li , Xiapu Luo , David Lo , John Grundy , Haoyu Wang

The automatic generation of source code is one of the long-lasting dreams in software engineering research. Several techniques have been proposed to speed up the writing of new code. For example, code completion techniques can recommend to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Matteo Ciniselli , Luca Pascarella , Emad Aghajani , Simone Scalabrino , Rocco Oliveto , Gabriele Bavota

The rise of large language models (LLMs) has introduced transformative potential in automated code generation, addressing a wide range of software engineering challenges. However, empirical evaluation of LLM-based code generation lacks…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Nathalia Nascimento , Everton Guimaraes , Paulo Alencar

Pre-trained machine learning (ML) models have shown great performance for a wide range of applications, in particular in natural language processing (NLP) and computer vision (CV). Here, we study how pre-training could be used for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-05 Shashank Subramanian , Peter Harrington , Kurt Keutzer , Wahid Bhimji , Dmitriy Morozov , Michael Mahoney , Amir Gholami

Empirical results in software engineering have long started to show that findings are unlikely to be applicable to all software systems, or any domain: results need to be evaluated in specified contexts, and limited to the type of systems…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Cezar Sas , Andrea Capiluppi

Large language models (LLMs) have been widely adopted across diverse domains of software engineering, such as code generation, program repair, and vulnerability detection. These applications require understanding beyond surface-level code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Danning Xie , Mingwei Zheng , Xuwei Liu , Jiannan Wang , Chengpeng Wang , Lin Tan , Xiangyu Zhang

Given the ever-increasing complexity of adaptable software systems and their commonly hidden internal information (e.g., software runs in the public cloud), machine learning based performance modeling has gained momentum for evaluating,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-03-27 Tao Chen

Code review is a crucial process before deploying code to production, as it validates the code, provides suggestions for improvements, and identifies errors such as missed edge cases. In projects with regular production releases, the effort…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Jahnavi Kumar , Sridhar Chimalakonda

Background: Given the social aspects of Software Engineering (SE), in the last twenty years, researchers from the field started using research methods common in social sciences such as case study, ethnography, and grounded theory. More…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Jorge Melegati , Xiaofeng Wang

Code search is a core software engineering task. Effective code search tools can help developers substantially improve their software development efficiency and effectiveness. In recent years, many code search studies have leveraged…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Chao Liu , Xin Xia , David Lo , Cuiyun Gao , Xiaohu Yang , John Grundy

Code review is a practice widely adopted in open source and industrial projects. Given the non-negligible cost of such a process, researchers started investigating the possibility of automating specific code review tasks. We recently…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Rosalia Tufano , Simone Masiero , Antonio Mastropaolo , Luca Pascarella , Denys Poshyvanyk , Gabriele Bavota

Background and Context: Some skills taught in introductory programming courses are categorized into 1) explaining code, 2) arranging lines of code in correct sequence, 3) tracing through the execution of a program, and 4) writing code from…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Dip Kiran Pradhan Newar , Max Fowler , David H. Smith , Seth Poulsen

Pre-training and self-training are two approaches to semi-supervised learning. The comparison between pre-training and self-training has been explored. However, the previous works led to confusing findings: self-training outperforms…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Yiheng Wang , Jiayu Lin , Zuoquan Lin

Context: The utility of prediction models in empirical software engineering (ESE) is heavily reliant on the quality of the data used in building those models. Several data quality challenges such as noise, incompleteness, outliers and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Michael Franklin Bosu , Stephen G. MacDonell

Pretrained language models have been shown to be effective in many software-related generation tasks; however, they are not well-suited for editing tasks as they are not designed to reason about edits. To address this, we propose a novel…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-09-15 Jiyang Zhang , Sheena Panthaplackel , Pengyu Nie , Junyi Jessy Li , Milos Gligoric

Recent progress in large-scale language models has enabled breakthroughs in previously intractable computer programming tasks. Prior work in meta-learning and neural architecture search has led to substantial successes across various task…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Alex Sheng , Shankar Padmanabhan