Related papers: Conjectures about virtual Legendrian knots and lin…
We define new notions of groups of virtual and welded knots (or links) and we study their relations with other invariants, in particular the Kauffman group of a virtual knot.
In the present paper we give a new method for converting virtual knots and links to virtual braids. Indeed the braiding method given in this paper is quite general, and applies to all the categories in which braiding can be accomplished. We…
We construct the new non-trivial state--sum invariants for virtual knots and links by a generalization of the powerful Carter--Saito--Jelsovsky--Kamada--Langford theorem for classical knots. The main result of this work is based on…
In this paper we define and give examples of a family of polynomial invariants of virtual knots and links. They arise by considering certain 2$\times$2 matrices with entries in a possibly non-commutative ring, for example the quaternions.…
We give a combinatorial description of the Legendrian differential graded algebra associated to a Legendrian knot in PxR, where P is a punctured Riemann surface. As an application we show that for any integer k and any homology class h in…
We give an $h$--principle type result for a class of Legendrian embeddings in contact manifolds of dimension at least $5$. These Legendrians, referred to as loose, have trivial pseudo-holomorphic invariants. We demonstrate they are…
In this paper, we define some polynomial invariants for virtual knots and links. In the first part we use Manturov's parity axioms to obtain a new polynomial invariant of virtual knots. This invariant can be regarded as a generalization of…
This is a survey paper on Legendrian and transversal knots for Handbook of Knot Theory.
We study the natural inclusion of the space of Legendrian embeddings in $(\mathbb{S}^3,\xi_{\operatorname{std}})$ into the space of smooth embeddings from a homotopical viewpoint. T. K\'alm\'an posed in [Kal] the open question of whether…
Virtual knots are defined diagrammatically as a collection of figures, called virtual knot diagrams, that are considered equivalent up to finite sequences of extended Reidemeister moves. By contrast, knots in $\mathbb{R}^3$ can be defined…
In this note, we show that transverse knots have unique standard neighborhoods and prove a structure theorem about non-loose Legendrian knots. We also prove a finiteness result for transverse knots in a tight contact manifold. The common…
The aim of this paper is to realise the techniques of picture-valued invariants and invariants valued in free groups for long knots in the full torus. Such knots and links are of a particular interest because of their relation to Legendrian…
For classical knots, there is a concept of (semi)meander diagrams; in this short note we generalize this concept to virtual knots and prove that the classes of meander and semimeander diagrams are universal (this was known for classical…
In this article, we explore a polynomial invariant for Legendrian knots which is a natural extension of Jones polynomial for (topological) knots. To this end, a new type of skein relation is introduced for the front projections of…
This paper studies an algebraic invariant of virtual knots called the biquandle. The biquandle generalizes the fundamental group and the quandle of virtual knots. The approach taken in this paper to the biquandle emphasizes understanding…
Virtual knot theory is a generalization (discovered by the author in 1996) of knot theory to the study of all oriented Gauss codes. (Classical knot theory is a study of planar Gauss codes.) Graph theory studies non-planar graphs via…
In the present paper, we describe new approaches for constructing virtual knot invariants. The main background of this paper comes from formulating and bringing together the ideas of biquandle (Kauffman and Radford) the virtual quandle…
The Alexander biquandle of a virtual knot or link is a module over a 2-variable Laurent polynomial ring which is an invariant of virtual knots and links. The elementary ideals of this module are then invariants of virtual isotopy which…
For a symplectic vector space $V$, a projective subvariety $Z \subset {\bf P} V$ is a Legendrian variety if its affine cone $\widehat{Z} \subset V$ is Lagrangian. In addition to the classical examples of subadjoint varieties associated to…
We resolve a question of Fuchs and Tabachnikov by showing that there is a Legendrian knot in standard contact three-space with zero Maslov number which is not Legendrian isotopic to its mirror. The proof uses the differential graded…