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A virtual string is a scheme of self-intersections of a closed curve on a surface. We study algebraic invariants of strings as well as two equivalence relations on the set of strings: homotopy and cobordism. We show that the homotopy…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2016-09-07 Vladimir Turaev

The composition of any two nontrivial classical knots is a satellite knot, and thus, by work of Thurston, is not hyperbolic. In this paper, we explore the composition of virtual knots, which are an extension of classical knots that…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-01-03 Colin Adams , Alexander Simons

This paper studies knots in three dimensional projective space. Our technique is to associate a virtual link to a link in projective space so that equivalent projective links go to equivalent virtual links (modulo a special flype move). We…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-11-11 Louis H. Kauffman , Rama Mishra , Visakh Narayanan

In this paper Legendrian graphs in $(\mathbb{R}^3,\xi_{\mathrm{st}})$ are considered modulo Legendrian isotopy and edge contraction. To a Legendrian graph we associate a (generalized) rectangular diagram --- a purely combinatorial object.…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2014-12-09 Maxim Prasolov

The paper introduces Slope Conjecture which relates the degree of the Jones polynomial of a knot and its parallels with the slopes of incompressible surfaces in the knot complement. More precisely, we introduce two knot invariants, the…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2010-05-26 Stavros Garoufalidis

Distinct knots K, K' can sometimes share a common p/q-framed Dehn surgery. A folk conjecture held that for a fixed pair of knots, this can occur for at most one value of p/q. We disprove this conjecture by constructing pairs of distinct…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-06-05 Marc Kegel , Lisa Piccirillo

We consider S^1-families of Legendrian knots in the standard contact R^3. We define the monodromy of such a loop, which is an automorphism of the Chekanov-Eliashberg contact homology of the starting (and ending) point. We prove this…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2014-11-11 Tamas Kalman

In this paper, we prove that if two Legendrian knots have isomorphic fundamental GL-racks, then either they have the same Thurston-Bennequin number and the same rotation number, or they have the opposite Thurston-Bennequin numbers and…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-07-25 Zhiyun Cheng , Zhiyi He

The notion of a virtual knot introduced by L. Kauffman induces the notion of a virtual braid. It is closely related with a welded braid of R. Fenn, R. Rimanyi and C. Rourke. Alexander's and Markov's theorems for virtual knots and braids are…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Seiichi Kamada

Study of certain isotopy classes of a finite collection of immersed circles without triple or higher intersections on closed oriented surfaces can be thought of as a planar analogue of virtual knot theory where the genus zero case…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2021-07-19 Neha Nanda , Mahender Singh

We show that the family of smoothly non-isotopic Legendrian pretzel knots from the work of Cornwell-Ng-Sivek that all have the same Legendrian invariants as the standard unknot have front-spuns that are Legendrian isotopic to the front-spun…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2026-03-24 Georgios Dimitroglou Rizell , Roman Golovko

We prove some classification results for tight contact structure in the 3-space, -ball and -sphere that are invariant with respect to some arbitrary involution, that is conjugated to the standard rotation around the x-axis. Unlike the…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2026-01-21 Mirko Torresani

This is an introduction to Legendrian contact homology and the Chekanov-Eliashberg differential graded algebra, with a focus on the setting of Legendrian knots in $\mathbb{R}^3$. This is the published version of the paper, but with a…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2023-04-21 John B. Etnyre , Lenhard L. Ng

We prove that a family of links, which includes all special alternating knots, does not admit non-nugatory crossing changes which preserve the isotopy type of the link. Our proof incorporates a result of Lidman and Moore on crossing changes…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2024-12-17 Joe Boninger

We prove a neighbourhood theorem for arbitrary knots in contact 3-manifolds. As an application we show that two topologically isotopic Legendrian knots in a contact 3-manifold become Legendrian isotopic after suitable stabilisations.

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2011-12-08 Hansjörg Geiges , Fan Ding

Theory is developed for linear-quadratic at infinity generating families for Legendrian knots in R^3. It is shown that the unknot with maximal Thurston--Bennequin invariant of -1 has a unique linear-quadratic at infinity generating family,…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2009-04-20 Jill Jordan , Lisa Traynor

We state Bennequin inequalities in the relative case, and show that the relative invariants are additive under relative connected sums. We show they exhibit similar limitations as their classical analogues. We study relatively Legendrian…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2009-09-25 Georgi D. Gospodinov

We present a category theoretical generalization of the Goussarov theorem for finite type invariants, relating generating sets for generalized finite type theories with diagrams systems for the corresponding topological objects. We will…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2023-07-18 Cole Hugelmeyer

Given a biquandle $(X, S)$, a function $\tau$ with certain compatibility and a pair of {\em non commutative cocyles} $f,h:X \times X\to G$ with values in a non necessarily commutative group $G$, we give an invariant for singular knots /…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2019-10-10 Marco Farinati , Juliana García Galofre

In this article we study the Arnold conjecture in settings where objects under consideration are no longer smooth but only continuous. The example of a Hamiltonian homeomorphism, on any closed symplectic manifold of dimension greater than…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2020-11-18 Lev Buhovsky , Vincent Humilière , Sobhan Seyfaddini
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