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Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrum imaging yields compositional information with a spatial resolution down to the atomic level. However, experimental limitations often produce extremely sparse and noisy EDX spectra. Under such…
The role of charge exchange in shaping exoplanet photoevaporation remains a topic of contention. Exchange of electrons between stellar wind protons from the exoplanet's host star and neutral hydrogen from the planet's wind has been proposed…
Diffusion models have shown remarkable performance in generation problems over various domains including images, videos, text, and audio. A practical bottleneck of diffusion models is their sampling speed, due to the repeated evaluation of…
An understanding of cosmic magnetism requires converting the polarization properties of extragalactic radio sources into the rest-frame in which the corresponding polarized emission or Faraday rotation is produced. Motivated by this…
We demonstrate the capability of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) as applied by Heyer & Schloerb (1997) to extract the statistics of turbulent interstellar velocity fields as measured by the energy spectrum, E(k)= k^-beta. Turbulent…
A method for the estimation of electron density from the ratio of the wave magnetic and electric field amplitude of whistler waves is developed. Near the geomagnetic equator, whistler wave normals are mainly close to the direction of the…
The propagation of solar energetic particles (SEPs) in interplanetary space is modulated by solar wind turbulence, which significantly influences particle diffusion and energy evolution through scattering processes. Traditional analyses…
Diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) are absorption features seen in optical and infrared spectra of stars that are probably caused by large and complex molecules in the ISM. Here we investigate the Galactic distribution and properties of two…
Cosmological experiments often employ Bayesian workflows to derive constraints on cosmological and astrophysical parameters from their data. It has been shown that these constraints can be combined across different probes such as Planck and…
The large quantity and high quality of modern radio and infrared line observations require efficient modeling techniques to infer physical and chemical parameters such as temperature, density, and molecular abundances. We present a computer…
We propose a new method for separating superimposed sources using diffusion-based generative models. Our method relies only on separately trained statistical priors of independent sources to establish a new objective function guided by…
Context. In coded mask techniques, reconstructed sky images are pseudo-images: they are maps of the correlation between the image recorded on a detector and an array derived from the coded mask pattern. Aims. The INTEGRAL/IBIS telescope…
Line-intensity mapping (LIM) traces the large-scale distribution of matter by measuring fluctuations in aggregate line emission from unresolved galaxies and the intergalactic medium, providing a powerful probe of both astrophysics and…
A numerical code is described for constructing Doppler maps from the orbital variation of line profiles of (mass transfering) binaries. It uses an algorithm related to Richardson-Lucy iteration, and is much faster than the standard…
Recent masked diffusion models (MDMs) have shown competitive performance compared to autoregressive models (ARMs) for language modeling. While most literature has focused on performance enhancing sampling procedures, efficient sampling from…
Observations and simulations show that Mars' atmosphere has large seasonal variations. Total atmospheric density can have an order of magnitude latitudinal variation at exobase heights. By numerical simulations we show that these latitude…
Estimating the Shannon entropy of a discrete distribution from which we have only observed a small sample is challenging. Estimating other information-theoretic metrics, such as the Kullback-Leibler divergence between two sparsely sampled…
Broadband tomography statistically extracts the redshift distribution of frequency dependent emission from the cross correlation of intensity maps with a reference catalog of galaxy tracers. We make forecasts for the performance of future…
Near-infrared (NIR) detectors -- which use non-destructive readouts to measure time-series counts-per-pixel -- play a crucial role in modern astrophysics. Standard NIR flux extraction techniques were developed for space-based observations…
Flux calibration of spectra in reverberation mapping (RM) is most often performed by assuming the flux constancy of some specified narrow emission lines, which stem from an extended region that is sometimes partially spatially resolved, in…