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A number of goods are called identical if they provide the same level of utility to each agent. In various real-world instances of fair division scenarios, identical indivisible items are allocated to consumers and demandants with different…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-28 Manouchehr Zaker

Envy-free up to one good (EF1) and envy-free up to any good (EFX) are two well-known extensions of envy-freeness for the case of indivisible items. It is shown that EF1 can always be guaranteed for agents with subadditive valuations. In…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-07-15 Alireza Farhadi , MohammadTaghi Hajiaghayi , Mohamad Latifian , Masoud Seddighin , Hadi Yami

We consider the problem of fairly allocating a sequence of indivisible items that arrive online in an arbitrary order to a group of n agents with additive normalized valuation functions. We consider both the allocation of goods and chores…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Shengwei Zhou , Rufan Bai , Xiaowei Wu

One of the important yet insufficiently studied subjects in fair allocation is the externality effect among agents. For a resource allocation problem, externalities imply that a bundle allocated to an agent may affect the utilities of other…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-05-17 Mohammad Ghodsi , Hamed Saleh , Masoud Seddighin

Fairness and efficiency have become the pillars of modern fair division research, but prior work on achieving both simultaneously is largely limited to the unconstrained setting. We study fair and efficient allocations of indivisible goods…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Benjamin Cookson , Soroush Ebadian , Nisarg Shah

We study the fair allocation of indivisible items to $n$ agents to maximize the utilitarian social welfare, where the fairness criterion is envy-free up to one item and there are only two different utility functions shared by the agents. We…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Jiaxuan Ma , Yong Chen , Guangting Chen , Mingyang Gong , Guohui Lin , An Zhang

Fair division of indivisible goods is a central challenge in artificial intelligence. For many prominent fairness criteria including envy-freeness (EF) or proportionality (PROP), no allocations satisfying these criteria might exist. Two…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-09-09 Martin Hoefer , Marco Schmalhofer , Giovanna Varricchio

We analyze the run-time complexity of computing allocations that are both fair and maximize the utilitarian social welfare, defined as the sum of agents' utilities. We focus on two tractable fairness concepts: envy-freeness up to one item…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Haris Aziz , Xin Huang , Nicholas Mattei , Erel Segal-Halevi

For any $\varepsilon>0$, we give a simple, deterministic $(4+\varepsilon)$-approximation algorithm for the Nash social welfare (NSW) problem under submodular valuations. We also consider the asymmetric variant of the problem, where the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Jugal Garg , Edin Husić , Wenzheng Li , László A. Végh , Jan Vondrák

We here address the problem of fairly allocating indivisible goods or chores to $n$ agents with weights that define their entitlement to the set of indivisible resources. Stemming from well-studied fairness concepts such as envy-freeness up…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-19 MohammadTaghi Hajiaghayi , Max Springer , Hadi Yami

We introduce a problem of fairly allocating indivisible goods (items) in which the agents' valuations cannot be observed directly, but instead can only be accessed via noisy queries. In the two-agent setting with Gaussian noise and bounded…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Zihan Li , Yan Hao Ling , Jonathan Scarlett , Warut Suksompong

We study the problem of allocating a set of indivisible items to agents with supermodular utilities to maximize the Nash social welfare. We show that the problem is NP-hard for any approximation factor.

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Alon Bebchuk

We consider the problem of fairly allocating a set of indivisible goods among agents with additive valuations. Ex-ante fairness (proportionality) can trivially be obtained by giving all goods to a random agent. Yet, such an allocation is…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Moshe Babaioff , Yuval Grofman

Allocating multiple scarce items across a set of individuals is an important practical problem. In the case of divisible goods and additive preferences a convex program can be used to find the solution that maximizes Nash welfare (MNW). The…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-09-25 Christian Kroer , Alexander Peysakhovich

We study the problem of allocating indivisible chores among agents with binary supermodular cost functions. In other words, each chore has a marginal cost of $0$ or $1$ and chores exhibit increasing marginal costs (or decreasing marginal…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Vignesh Viswanathan , Yair Zick

The problem of fair division of indivisible goods has been receiving much attention recently. The prominent metric of envy-freeness can always be satisfied in the divisible goods setting (see for example \cite{BT95}), but often cannot be…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Kevin Hsu

This paper re-examines the problem of fairly and efficiently allocating indivisible goods among agents with additive bivalued valuations. Garg and Murhekar (2021) proposed a polynomial-time algorithm that purported to find an EFX and fPO…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Hui Liu , Zhijie Zhang

In the Submodular Welfare Maximization (SWM) problem, the input consists of a set of $n$ items, each of which must be allocated to one of $m$ agents. Each agent $\ell$ has a valuation function $v_\ell$, where $v_\ell(S)$ denotes the welfare…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-12-18 Nitish Korula , Vahab Mirrokni , Morteza Zadimoghaddam

We consider the problem of fair allocation of indivisible items among $n$ agents with additive valuations, when agents have equal entitlements to the goods, and there are no transfers. Best-of-Both-Worlds (BoBW) fairness mechanisms aim to…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-03-25 Moshe Babaioff , Tomer Ezra , Uriel Feige

We study the problem of fairly allocating indivisible goods among a set of agents. Our focus is on the existence of allocations that give each agent their maximin fair share--the value they are guaranteed if they divide the goods into as…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Sirin Botan , Angus Ritossa , Mashbat Suzuki , Toby Walsh