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Let $G = (V, E)$ be a graph with non-empty set of vertices $V$ and set of edges $E$. The \emph{eccentric connectivity index} of the graph $G$ is defined as $$\displaystyle{\xi^C(G) = \sum_{u \in V} d_u \;ecc(u)}$$ where $d_u$ is the degree…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-23 Vysakh Chakooth , Prasanth G. Narasimha-Shenoi , Prakash G. Narasimha-Shenoi

We say a graph is $(d, d, \ldots, d, 0, \ldots, 0)$-colorable with $a$ of $d$'s and $b$ of $0$'s if $V(G)$ may be partitioned into $b$ independent sets $O_1,O_2,\ldots,O_b$ and $a$ sets $D_1, D_2,\ldots, D_a$ whose induced graphs have…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-06-20 Michael Kopreski , Gexin Yu

The Randi{\' c} index of a graph $G$, written $R(G)$, is the sum of $\frac 1{\sqrt{d(u)d(v)}}$ over all edges $uv$ in $E(G)$. %let $R(G)=\sum_{uv \in E(G)} \frac 1{\sqrt{d(u)d(v)}}$, which is called the Randi{\' c} index of it. Let $d$ and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-05-18 Suil O , Yongtang Shi

The total eccentricity index of a connected graph is defined as sum of the eccentricities of all its vertices. We denote the set of all connected graphs on $n$ vertices with $k$ pendant vertices by $\mathfrak{H}_{n,k}$ and denote the set of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-04-05 Dinesh Pandey , Kamal Lochan Patra

Many existing degree based topological indices can be classified as bond incident degree (BID) indices, whose general form is $BID(G)=\sum_{uv\in E(G)}$ $\Psi(d_{u},d_{v})$, where $uv$ is the edge connecting the vertices $u,v$ of the graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-03-14 Akbar Ali , Darko Dimitrov

For distinct vertices $u$ and $v$ in a graph $G$, the {\em connectivity} between $u$ and $v$, denoted $\kappa_G(u,v)$, is the maximum number of internally disjoint $u$--$v$ paths in $G$. The {\em average connectivity} of $G$, denoted…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-07-18 Rocio M. Casablanca , Peter Dankelmann , Wayne Goddard , Ortrud R. Oellermann , Lucas Mol

The restricted edge-connectivity of a connected graph $G$, denoted by $\lambda^{\prime}(G)$, if it exists, is the minimum cardinality of a set of edges whose deletion makes $G$ disconnected and each component with at least 2 vertices. It…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-01-30 Hazhe Ye , Yingzhi Tian

This article provides sharp bounds for the maximum number of edges possible in a simple graph with restricted values of two of the three parameters, namely, maxi- mum matching size, independence number and maximum degree. We also construct…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-03-08 Niraj Khare , Nishali Mehta , Naushad Puliyambalath

The modified eccentric connectivity index of a graph is defined as the sum of the products of eccentricity with the total degree of neighboring vertices, over all vertices of the graph. This is a generalization of eccentric connectivity…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-06-03 Nilanjan De , Sk. Md. Abu Nayeem , Anita Pal

For a (molecular) graph, the first multiplicative Zagreb index $\prod_1(G) $ is the product of the square of every vertex degree, and the second multiplicative Zagreb index $\prod_2(G) $ is the product of the products of degrees of pairs of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-04-25 Shaohui Wang

As a result of the interaction of rapid development and competition in information technologies, the reliability of a network and how solid it remains is important. It is called the hat vulnerability of the network to measure the endurance…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-03-15 Ersin Aslan , Ayşe Kahveci Özdemir

Let $G$ be a nontrivial connected graph with an edge-coloring $c: E(G)\rightarrow \{1,2,...,q\},$ $q \in \mathbb{N}$, where adjacent edges may be colored the same. A tree $T$ in $G$ is a $rainbow tree$ if no two edges of $T$ receive the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-07-04 Lily Chen , Xueliang Li , Kang Yang , Yan Zhao

We establish a sharp edge-connectivity estimate for graphs with non-negative Bakry-\'Emery curvature. This leads to a geometric criterion for the existence of a perfect matching. Precisely, we show that any regular graph with non-negative…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-25 Kaizhe Chen , Jack H. Koolen , Shiping Liu

A connected graph $G$ with at least $2m + 2n + 2$ vertices which contains a perfect matching is $E(m, n)$-{\it extendable}, if for any two sets of disjoint independent edges $M$ and $N$ with $|M| = m$ and $|N|= n$, there is a perfect…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Hongliang Lu , Qinglin Yu

Given a graph $G=(V,E)$, the maximum bond problem searches for a maximum cut $\delta(S) \subseteq E$ with $S \subseteq V$ such that $G[S]$ and $G[V\setminus S]$ are connected. This problem is closely related to the well-known maximum cut…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-12-14 Markus Chimani , Martina Juhnke-Kubitzke , Alexander Nover

The modified Albertson index, denoted by $A\!^*\!$, of a graph $G$ is defined as $A\!^*\!(G)=\sum_{uv\in E(G)} |(d_{u})^{2}- (d_{v})^{2}|$, where $d_u$, $d_v$ denote the degrees of the vertices $u$, $v$, respectively, of $G$ and $E(G)$ is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-03-23 Shumaila Yousaf , Akhlaq Ahmad Bhatti , Akbar Ali

Let $G = (V(G), E(G))$ be a graph. The maximum cardinality of a set $M_k \subseteq E(G)$ such that $M_k$ contains exactly $k$-pairs of adjacent edges of $G$ is called the $k$-nearly edge independence number of $G$, and is denoted by…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-07-15 Zekhaya B. Shozi

The eccentric-connectivity index of a graph G is the sum of the products of the eccentricity and the degree of each vertex in G. In this paper, we define four new invariants related to the eccentric-connectivity index and obtain upper…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-08-25 S. M. Hosamani , S. S. Shirakol , M. V. Kalyanshetti , I. N. Cangul

In this paper we characterize the unique graph whose algebraic connectivity is minimum among all connected graphs with given order and fixed matching number or edge covering number, and present two lower bounds for the algebraic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-09-07 Jing Xu , Yi-Zheng Fan , Ying-Ying Tan

The dissociation number ${\rm diss}(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the maximum order of a set of vertices of $G$ inducing a subgraph that is of maximum degree at most $1$. Computing the dissociation number of a given graph is algorithmically hard…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-02-21 Felix Bock , Johannes Pardey , Lucia D. Penso , Dieter Rautenbach