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Tabletop roleplaying games (TTRPGs) and procedural content generators can both be understood as systems of rules for producing content. In this paper, we argue that TTRPG design can usefully be viewed as procedural content generator design.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-07-16 Matthew Guzdial , Devi Acharya , Max Kreminski , Michael Cook , Mirjam Eladhari , Antonios Liapis , Anne Sullivan

Procedural content generation in video games has a long history. Existing procedural content generation methods, such as search-based, solver-based, rule-based and grammar-based methods have been applied to various content types such as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Jialin Liu , Sam Snodgrass , Ahmed Khalifa , Sebastian Risi , Georgios N. Yannakakis , Julian Togelius

Developing comprehensive explicit world models is crucial for understanding and simulating real-world scenarios. Recently, Procedural Controllable Generation (PCG) has gained significant attention in large-scale scene generation by enabling…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Mengqi Zhou , Yuxi Wang , Jun Hou , Shougao Zhang , Yiwei Li , Chuanchen Luo , Junran Peng , Zhaoxiang Zhang

Levels are a key component of many different video games, and a large body of work has been produced on how to procedurally generate game levels. Recently, Machine Learning techniques have been applied to video game level generation towards…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2016-07-05 Adam James Summerville , Sam Snodgrass , Michael Mateas , Santiago Ontañón

Procedural content generation via machine learning (PCGML) in games involves using machine learning techniques to create game content such as maps and levels. 2D tile-based game levels have consistently served as a standard dataset for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Mahsa Bazzaz , Seth Cooper

Video games demand is constantly increasing, which requires the costly production of large amounts of content. Towards this challenge, researchers have developed Search-Based Procedural Content Generation (SBPCG), that is, the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Mar Zamorano , Carlos Cetina , Federica Sarro

Procedural Content Generation (PCG) algorithms enable the automatic generation of complex and diverse artifacts. However, they don't provide high-level control over the generated content and typically require domain expertise. In contrast,…

Graphics · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Sam Earle , Filippos Kokkinos , Yuhe Nie , Julian Togelius , Roberta Raileanu

Procedural Content Generation (PCG) enables game content to be created algorithmically without direct manual level-design effort, but it introduces a serious evaluation problem: generated content may become unbalanced, blocked, repetitive,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Rishabh Kar

We present initial research towards procedural generation of Simplified Boardgames and translating them into an efficient GDL code. This is a step towards establishing Simplified Boardgames as a comparison class for General Game Playing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-08-04 Jakub Kowalski , Marek Szykuła

The procedural generation of levels and content in video games is a challenging AI problem. Often such generation relies on an intelligent way of evaluating the content being generated so that constraints are satisfied and/or objectives…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-04-22 Ahmed Khalifa , Michael Cerny Green , Gabriella Barros , Julian Togelius

While the games industry is moving towards procedural content generation (PCG) with tools available under popular platforms such as Unreal, Unity or Houdini, and video game titles like No Man's Sky and Horizon Zero Dawn taking advantage of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-05-20 Gorm Lai , William Latham , Frederic Fol Leymarie

While recent generative models can produce engaging music, their utility is limited. The variation in the music is often left to chance, resulting in compositions that lack structure. Pieces extending beyond a minute can become incoherent…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Lilac Atassi

Terrains are the main part of an electronic game. To reduce human effort on game development, procedural techniques are used to generate synthetic terrains. However rendering a terrain is not a trivial task. Their rendering techniques must…

Graphics · Computer Science 2018-03-14 Ricardo B. D. d'Oliveira , Antonio L. Apolinário

Procedural Content Generation (PCG) offers scalable methods for algorithmically creating complex, customizable worlds. However, controlling these pipelines requires the precise configuration of opaque technical parameters. We propose a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Lim Chien Her , Ming Yan , Yunshu Bai , Ruihao Li , Hao Zhang

Achieving optimal balance in games is essential to their success, yet reliant on extensive manual work and playtesting. To facilitate this process, the Procedural Content Generation via Reinforcement Learning (PCGRL) framework has recently…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Florian Rupp , Alessandro Puddu , Christian Becker-Asano , Kai Eckert

Recent advancements in procedural content generation via machine learning enable the generation of video-game levels that are aesthetically similar to human-authored examples. However, the generated levels are often unplayable without…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-15 Hejia Zhang , Matthew C. Fontaine , Amy K. Hoover , Julian Togelius , Bistra Dilkina , Stefanos Nikolaidis

Methods for dynamic difficulty adjustment allow games to be tailored to particular players to maximize their engagement. However, current methods often only modify a limited set of game features such as the difficulty of the opponents, or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Miguel González-Duque , Rasmus Berg Palm , David Ha , Sebastian Risi

Procedural terrain generation for video games has been traditionally been done with smartly designed but handcrafted algorithms that generate heightmaps. We propose a first step toward the learning and synthesis of these using recent…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-07-12 Christopher Beckham , Christopher Pal

It has recently been shown that reinforcement learning can be used to train generators capable of producing high-quality game levels, with quality defined in terms of some user-specified heuristic. To ensure that these generators' output is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-10 Sam Earle , Maria Edwards , Ahmed Khalifa , Philip Bontrager , Julian Togelius

Machine learning has been a popular tool in many different fields, including procedural content generation. However, procedural content generation via machine learning (PCGML) approaches can struggle with controllability and coherence. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Kynan Sorochan , Jerry Chen , Yakun Yu , Matthew Guzdial