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Modern biomedical survival studies with high-dimensional genomic and clinical predictors are challenged by missing covariates. Existing methods conduct inference through penalization and debiasing when the number of covariates diverges with…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-22 Zhilin Zhang , Yi Li

In order to achieve unbiased and efficient estimators of causal effects from observational data, covariate selection for confounding adjustment becomes an important task in causal inference. Despite recent advancements in graphical…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-05-29 Hongyi Chen , Maurits Kaptein

We study high-dimensional, ridge-regularized logistic regression in a setting in which the covariates may be missing or corrupted by additive noise. When both the covariates and the additive corruptions are independent and normally…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-10-03 Kabir Aladin Verchand , Andrea Montanari

When analyzing data from randomized clinical trials, covariate adjustment can be used to account for chance imbalance in baseline covariates and to increase precision of the treatment effect estimate. A practical barrier to covariate…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-07-04 Chia-Rui Chang , Yue Song , Fan Li , Rui Wang

Randomization, as a key technique in clinical trials, can eliminate sources of bias and produce comparable treatment groups. In randomized experiments, the treatment effect is a parameter of general interest. Researchers have explored the…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-12-05 Fuyi Tu , Wei Ma , Hanzhong Liu

Multiple imputation (MI) has become one of the main procedures used to treat missing data, but the guidelines from the methodological literature are not easily transferred to multilevel research. For models including random slopes, proper…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-06-30 Simon Grund , Oliver Lüdtke , Alexander Robitzsch

Multiple imputation is a well-established general technique for analyzing data with missing values. A convenient way to implement multiple imputation is sequential regression multiple imputation (SRMI), also called chained equations…

Medical imaging and multi-modal clinical settings often face the challange of missing modality in their diagnostic pipelines. Existing imputation methods either lack representational capacity or are computationally expensive. We propose…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Afifa Khaled , Ebrahim Hamid Sumiea

Micro-randomized trials are commonly conducted for optimizing mobile health interventions such as push notifications for behavior change. In analyzing such trials, causal excursion effects are often of primary interest, and their estimation…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-08-19 Yihan Bao , Lauren Bell , Elizabeth Williamson , Claire Garnett , Tianchen Qian

How to deal with missing data in observational studies is a common concern for causal inference. When the covariates are missing at random (MAR), multiple approaches have been provided to help solve the issue. However, if the exposure is…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-06-14 Yuliang Shi , Yeying Zhu , Joel A. Dubin

Missing data is a significant problem impacting all domains. State-of-the-art framework for minimizing missing data bias is multiple imputation, for which the choice of an imputation model remains nontrivial. We propose a multiple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-02-20 Lovedeep Gondara , Ke Wang

Background: It has long been advised to account for baseline covariates in the analysis of confirmatory randomised trials, with the main statistical justifications being that this increases power and, when a randomisation scheme balanced…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-12-09 Tim P. Morris , A. Sarah Walker , Elizabeth J. Williamson , Ian R. White

Imputation is a popular approach to handling censored, missing, and error-prone covariates -- all coarsened data types for which the true values are unknown. However, there are nuances to imputing these different data types based on the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-29 Sarah C. Lotspeich , Ethan M. Alt

Multiple Imputation (MI) is one of the most popular approaches to addressing missing values in questionnaires and surveys. MI with multivariate imputation by chained equations (MICE) allows flexible imputation of many types of data. In…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-04-24 Edoardo Costantini , Kyle M. Lang , Klaas Sijtsma , Tim Reeskens

Use of prediction models is widely recommended by clinical guidelines, but usually requires complete information on all predictors that is not always available in daily practice. We describe two methods for real-time handling of missing…

In randomized clinical trials, adjustments for baseline covariates at both design and analysis stages are highly encouraged by regulatory agencies. A recent trend is to use a model-assisted approach for covariate adjustment to gain…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-07-14 Ting Ye , Jun Shao , Yanyao Yi , Qingyuan Zhao

Background: Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) is used for confounding adjustment in observational studies. Newer weighting methods include energy balancing (EB), kernel optimal matching (KOM), and tailored-loss covariate…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-15 Etienne Peyrot , Raphaël Porcher , Francois Petit

Missing data is a common problem in clinical data collection, which causes difficulty in the statistical analysis of such data. In this article, we consider the problem under a framework of a semiparametric partially linear model when…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-06-13 Zishu Zhan , Xiangjie Li , Jingxiao Zhang

Population-Adjusted Indirect Comparisons (PAICs) are used to estimate treatment effects when direct comparisons are infeasible and individual patient data (IPD) are only available for one trial. Among PAIC methods, Matching-Adjusted…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-22 Arnaud Serret-Larmande , Jérôme Lambert , Stéphane Gaudry , David Hajage

Pre-trained machine learning (ML) predictions have been increasingly used to complement incomplete data to enable downstream scientific inquiries, but their naive integration risks biased inferences. Recently, multiple methods have been…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-12 Xingran Chen , Tyler McCormick , Bhramar Mukherjee , Zhenke Wu