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Given integers $n\ge \Delta\ge 2$, let $\mathcal{T}(n, \Delta)$ be the collection of all $n$-vertex trees with maximum degree at most $\Delta$. A question of Alon, Krivelevich and Sudakov in 2007 asks for determining the best possible…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-02-21 Jie Han , Donglei Yang

Property $(P)$, introduced in recent work and rooted in the classical theory of Parter vertices, concerns the existence of a nonsingular matrix $A\in S(G)$ for which every vertex of $G$ is a $P$-vertex. Previous investigations have fully…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-12 G. Arunkumar , Puja Samanta

Preservers and additive spanners are sparse (hence cheap to store) subgraphs that preserve the distances between given pairs of nodes exactly or with some small additive error, respectively. Since real-world networks are prone to failures,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-03-31 Greg Bodwin , Fabrizio Grandoni , Merav Parter , Virginia Vassilevska Williams

In this note we give a short proof that graphs having no linearly small F{\o}lner sets can be partitioned into a union of expanders. We use this fact to prove a partition result for graphs admitting linearly small maximal F{\o}lner sets and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-01-13 Federico Vigolo

We consider a new semidefinite programming relaxation for directed edge expansion, which is obtained by adding triangle inequalities to the reweighted eigenvalue formulation. Applying the matrix multiplicative weight update method to this…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Lap Chi Lau , Kam Chuen Tung , Robert Wang

In this paper we consider a natural extremal graph theoretic problem of topological sort, concerning the minimization of the (topological) connectedness of the independence complex of graphs in terms of its dimension. We observe that the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-06-21 Penny Haxell , Lothar Narins , Tibor Szabó

Mixed graphs can be seen as digraphs with arcs and edges (or digons, that is, two opposite arcs). In this paper, we consider the case where such graphs are bipartite and in which the undirected and directed degrees are one. The best graphs,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-29 C. Dalfó , G. Erskine , G. Exoo , M. A. Fiol , J. Tuite

The main result of the paper is motivated by the following two, apparently unrelated graph optimization problems: (A) as an extension of Edmonds' disjoint branchings theorem, characterize digraphs comprising $k$ disjoint branchings $B_i$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-09-05 Kristóf Bérczi , András Frank

A $k$-uniform hypergraph $G=(V,E)$ is called odd-bipartite ([5]), if $k$ is even and there exists some proper subset $V_1$ of $V$ such that each edge of $G$ contains odd number of vertices in $V_1$. Odd-bipartite hypergraphs are…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-03-20 Jia-Yu Shao , Hai-Ying Shan , Bao-feng Wu

Let $A$ be a unital associative algebra over a field $k$. All unital associative algebras containing $A$ as a subalgebra of a given codimension $\mathfrak{c}$ are described and classified. For a fixed vector space $V$ of dimension…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2017-01-27 A. L. Agore , G. Militaru

In [Steve Butler. A note about cospectral graphs for the adjacency and normalized Laplacian matrices. Linear Multilinear Algebra, 58(3-4):387-390, 2010.], Butler constructed a family of bipartite graphs, which are cospectral for both the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-02-04 M. Rajesh Kannan , Shivaramakrishna Pragada

The superpower graph of a finite group $G$, or $\mathcal{S}_G$, is an undirected simple graph whose vertices are the elements of the group $G$, and two distinct vertices $a,b\in G$ are adjacent if and only if the order of one vertex divides…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2025-08-21 Basit Auyoob Mir , Fouzul Atik

Multi-qubit quantum states corresponding to bipartite graphs $G(U,V,E)$ are examined. These states are constructed by applying $CNOT$ gates to an arbitrary separable multi-qubit quantum state. The entanglement distance of the resulting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-17 Kh. P. Gnatenko

Coboundary and cosystolic expansion are notions of expansion that generalize the Cheeger constant or edge expansion of a graph to higher dimensions. The classical Cheeger inequality implies that for graphs edge expansion is equivalent to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-02-11 Tali Kaufman , Izhar Oppenheim

Let $G= (V,E)$ be a finite graph. For $d_0>0$ we say that $G$ is $d_0$-regular, if every $v\in V$ has degree $d_0$. We say that $G$ is $(d_0, d_1)$-regular, for $0<d_1<d_0$, if $G$ is $d_0$ regular and for every $v\in V$, the subgraph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-28 Ehud Friedgut , Yonatan Iluz

Let $\mathcal{D}$ be a set of straight-line segments in the plane, potentially crossing, and let $c$ be a positive integer. We denote by $P$ the union of the endpoints of the straight-line segments of $\mathcal{D}$ and of the intersection…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Jonas Cleve , Nicolas Grelier , Kristin Knorr , Maarten Löffler , Wolfgang Mulzer , Daniel Perz

Let $G$ be a connected graph. If $G$ contains a matching of size $k$, and every matching of size $k$ is contained in a perfect matching of $G$, then $G$ is said to be \emph{$k$-extendable}. A $k$-regular spanning subgraph of $G$ is called a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-11-18 Dandan Fan , Huiqiu Lin

For each positive integer $n$, let $G_n$ be the graph of integer partitions of $n$, where two partitions are adjacent if one is obtained from the other by an elementary transfer of a cell in the Ferrers diagram, followed by reordering.…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2026-04-02 Fedor B. Lyudogovskiy

Let G be a graph with maximum degree \Delta whose vertex set is partitioned into parts V(G) = V_1 \cup ... \cup V_r. A transversal is a subset of V(G) containing exactly one vertex from each part V_i. If it is also an independent set, then…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-06-15 Po-Shen Loh , Benny Sudakov

Graph neural networks operate on graph-structured data via exchanging messages along edges. One limitation of this message passing paradigm is the over-squashing problem. Over-squashing occurs when messages from a node's expanded receptive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Thomas Christie , Yu He