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All the currently available unconditional security proofs on quantum key distribution, in particular for the BB84 protocol and its variants including continuous-variable ones, are invalid or incomplete at many points. In this paper we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-10-23 Horace P. Yuen

Quantum computers impose an immense threat to system security. As a countermeasure, new cryptographic classes have been created to prevent these attacks. Technologies such as post-quantum cryptography and quantum cryptography. Quantum…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Luiz Filipi Anderson de Sousa Moura , Carlos Becker Westphall

State-of-the-art Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is based on the uncertainty principle of qubits on quantum measurements and is theoretically proven to be unconditionally secure. Over the past three decades, QKD has been explored with single…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-16 Randy Kuang , Nicolas Bettenburg

Quantum computer is no longer a hypothetical idea. It is the worlds most important technology and there is a race among countries to get supremacy in quantum technology. Its the technology that will reduce the computing time from years to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-07 Manish Kumar

Quantum-mechanical devices have the potential to transform cryptography. Most research in this area has focused either on the information-theoretic advantages of quantum protocols or on the security of classical cryptographic schemes…

Quantum mechanics with a generalized uncertainty principle arises through a representation of the commutator $[\hat{x}, \hat{p}] = i f(\hat{p})$. We apply this deformed quantization to free scalar field theory for $f_\pm =1\pm \beta p^2$.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-02-28 Viqar Husain , Dawood Kothawala , Sanjeev S. Seahra

Quantum networks rely on both quantum and classical channels for coordinated operation. Current architectures employ entanglement distribution and key exchange over quantum channels but often assume that classical communication is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-16 Xin Jin , Nitish Kumar Chandra , Mohadeseh Azari , Kaushik P. Seshadreesan , Junyu Liu

Quantum key distribution is widely thought to offer unconditional security in communication between two users. Unfortunately, a widely accepted proof of its security in the presence of source, device and channel noises has been missing.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Hoi-Kwong Lo , H. F. Chau

The Quantum Computer Condition (QCC) provides a rigorous and completely general framework for carrying out analyses of questions pertaining to fault-tolerance in quantum computers. In this paper we apply the QCC to the problem of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Gerald Gilbert , Michael Hamrick , F. Javier Thayer , Yaakov S. Weinstein

Some of the possible consequences of a generalized uncertainty principle (which emerges in the context of string theory and quantum gravity models as a consequence of fluctuations of the background metric) are analyzed considering the case…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Abel Camacho

Ever since its inception, cryptography has been caught in a vicious circle: Cryptographers keep inventing methods to hide information, and cryptanalysts break them, prompting cryptographers to invent even more sophisticated encryption…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-14 Renato Renner , Ramona Wolf

The rise of quantum computers exposes vulnerabilities in current public key cryptographic protocols, necessitating the development of secure post-quantum (PQ) schemes. Hence, we conduct a comprehensive study on various PQ approaches,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Saleh Darzi , Kasra Ahmadi , Saeed Aghapour , Attila Altay Yavuz , Mehran Mozaffari Kermani

We propose a decision procedure for analysing security of quantum cryptographic protocols, combining a classical algebraic rewrite system for knowledge with an operational semantics for quantum distributed computing. As a test case, we use…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2008-08-28 Ellie D'Hondt , Mehrnoosh Sadrzadeh

The advent of quantum computing poses a significant threat to the foundational cryptographic algorithms that secure modern digital communications. Protocols such as HTTPS, digital certificates, and public key infrastructures (PKIs) heavily…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Arimondo Scrivano

While advances in quantum computing promise new opportunities for scientific advancement (e.g., material science and machine learning), many people are not aware that they also threaten the widely deployed cryptographic algorithms that are…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-01-06 Matt Campagna , Brian LaMacchia , David Ott

The laws of physics play a crucial role in the security of quantum key distribution (QKD). This fact has often been misunderstood as if the security of QKD would be based only on the laws of physics. As the experts know well, things are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-03 Valerio Scarani , Christian Kurtsiefer

Encryption schemes attempt to provide a means for entities to communicate confidentially over a public channel. Such schemes have been studied for centuries, and their use has become widespread. However, developments in the area of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-09-29 Michael Stephen Brown

Here we propose a general relativistic quantum framework for cryptography that exploits the fascinating connection of quantum non-locality and special theory of relativity with cryptography. The underlying principle of unconditional…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-24 Muhammad Nadeem

The ability to perform computations on encrypted data is a powerful tool for protecting privacy. Recently, protocols to achieve this on classical computing systems have been found. Here we present an efficient solution to the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-03-05 K. Fisher , A. Broadbent , L. K. Shalm , Z. Yan , J. Lavoie , R. Prevedel , T. Jennewein , K. J. Resch

The security issues facing quantum key distribution (QKD) are explained, herein focusing on those issues that are cryptographic and information theoretic in nature and not those based on physics. The problem of security criteria is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-02-25 Horace Yuen