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Grid cells in the entorhinal cortex of mammalian brains exhibit striking hexagon grid firing patterns in their response maps as the animal (e.g., a rat) navigates in a 2D open environment. In this paper, we study the emergence of the…
Neurons in a micro-circuit connected by chemical synapses can have their connectivity affected by the prior activity of the cells. The number of synapses available for releasing neurotransmitter can be decreased by repetitive activation…
Nematicity has emerged as a key feature of cuprate superconductors, but its link to other fundamental properties such as superconductivity, charge order and the pseudogap remains unclear. Here we use measurements of transport anisotropy in…
Given the inner complexity of the human nervous system, insight into the dynamics of brain activity can be gained from understanding smaller and simpler organisms, such as the nematode C. Elegans. The behavioural and structural biology of…
Microorganisms employ sophisticated mechanisms for intercellular communication and environmental sensing, with quorum sensing serving as a fundamental regulatory process. Dysregulation of quorum sensing has been implicated in various…
In order to form the intricate network of synaptic connections in the brain, the growth cones migrate through the embryonic environment to their targets using chemical communication. As a first step to study self-wiring, 2D model systems of…
Modulation doped GaAs-AlGaAs quantum well based structures are usually used to achieve very high mobility 2-dimensional electron (or hole) gases. Usually high mobilities ($>10^{7}{\rm{cm}^{2}\rm{V}^{-1}\rm{s}^{-1}}$) are achieved at high…
Carrier density is one of the key controlling factors of material properties, particularly in controlling the essential correlations in strongly correlated materials. Typically, carrier density is externally tuned by doping or gating and…
Gene regulatory networks present a wide variety of dynamical responses to intrinsic and extrinsic perturbations. Arguably, one of the most important of such coordinated responses is the one of amplification cascades, in which activation of…
A basic question within the emerging field of mechanistic interpretability is the degree to which neural networks learn the same underlying mechanisms. In other words, are neural mechanisms universal across different models? In this work,…
The mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) family of proteins is involved in regulating cellular fate activities such as proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Their fundamental importance has attracted considerable attention on…
Recent whole-brain calcium imaging recordings of the nematode C. elegans have demonstrated that neural activity is dominated by dynamics on a low-dimensional manifold that can be clustered according to behavioral states. Despite progress in…
Clean two-dimensional electron systems in GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures exhibit anisotropic collective phases, the quantum Hall nematics, at high Landau level occupancy and low temperatures. An as yet unknown native symmetry-breaking…
Carrier density and disorder are two crucial parameters that control the properties of correlated two-dimensional electron systems. In order to disentangle their individual contributions to quantum phenomena, independent tuning of these two…
A large repertoire of spatiotemporal activity patterns in the brain is the basis for adaptive behaviour. Understanding the mechanism by which the brain's hundred billion neurons and hundred trillion synapses manage to produce such a range…
Many eukaryotic cells, including Dictyostelium discoideum (Dicty), neutrophils and other cells of the immune system, can detect and reliably orient themselves in chemoattractant gradients. In Dicty, signal detection and transduction…
A minimal model for coherent transport through a donor/acceptor molecular junction is presented. The two donor and acceptor sites are described by single levels energetically separated by an intramolecular tunnel barrier. In the limit of…
Kolmogorov-Arnold networks (KANs) are a remarkable innovation that consists of learnable activation functions, with the potential to capture more complex relationships from data. Presently, KANs are deployed by replacing multilayer…
It has been hypothesized that Gamma cortical oscillations play important roles in numerous cognitive processes and may involve psychiatric conditions including anxiety, schizophrenia, and autism. Gamma rhythms are commonly observed in many…
Intracellular transport based on molecular motors and its regulation are crucial to the functioning of cells. Filamentary tracks of the cells are abundantly decorated with non-motile microtubule-associated proteins, such as tau. Motivated…