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Analyzing medical data to find abnormalities is a time-consuming and costly task, particularly for rare abnormalities, requiring tremendous efforts from medical experts. Artificial intelligence has become a popular tool for the automatic…

Sequence-to-Sequence (seq2seq) modeling has rapidly become an important general-purpose NLP tool that has proven effective for many text-generation and sequence-labeling tasks. Seq2seq builds on deep neural language modeling and inherits…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-11-11 Sam Wiseman , Alexander M. Rush

In many real-world scientific problems, generating ground truth (GT) for supervised learning is almost impossible. The causes include limitations imposed by scientific instrument, physical phenomenon itself, or the complexity of modeling.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-31 Arif Ahmed Sekh , Ida S. Opstad , Rohit Agarwal , Asa Birna Birgisdottir , Truls Myrmel , Balpreet Singh Ahluwalia , Krishna Agarwal , Dilip K. Prasad

Achieving robust performance and fairness across diverse patient populations remains a challenge in developing clinically deployable deep learning models for diagnostic imaging. Synthetic data generation has emerged as a promising strategy…

Despite advances in data augmentation and transfer learning, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) difficultly generalise to unseen domains. When segmenting brain scans, CNNs are highly sensitive to changes in resolution and contrast: even…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-01 Benjamin Billot , Douglas N. Greve , Oula Puonti , Axel Thielscher , Koen Van Leemput , Bruce Fischl , Adrian V. Dalca , Juan Eugenio Iglesias

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a vital modality for gaining precise anatomical information, and it plays a significant role in medical imaging for diagnosis and therapy planning. Image synthesis problems have seen a revolution in…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-16 Drici Mourad , Kazeem Oluwakemi Oseni

Current volumetric biomedical foundation models struggle to generalize as public 3D datasets are small and do not cover the broad diversity of medical procedures, conditions, anatomical regions, and imaging protocols. We address this by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Neel Dey , Benjamin Billot , Hallee E. Wong , Clinton J. Wang , Mengwei Ren , P. Ellen Grant , Adrian V. Dalca , Polina Golland

Adversarial learning helps generative models translate MRI from source to target sequence when lacking paired samples. However, implementing MRI synthesis with adversarial learning in clinical settings is challenging due to training…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-04 Luyi Han , Tao Tan , Tianyu Zhang , Xin Wang , Yuan Gao , Chunyao Lu , Xinglong Liang , Haoran Dou , Yunzhi Huang , Ritse Mann

Circuit representation learning is increasingly pivotal in Electronic Design Automation (EDA), serving various downstream tasks with enhanced model efficiency and accuracy. One notable work, DeepSeq, has pioneered sequential circuit…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Sadaf Khan , Zhengyuan Shi , Ziyang Zheng , Min Li , Qiang Xu

Modern vision models excel at general purpose downstream tasks. It is unclear, however, how they may be used for personalized vision tasks, which are both fine-grained and data-scarce. Recent works have successfully applied synthetic data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Shobhita Sundaram , Julia Chae , Yonglong Tian , Sara Beery , Phillip Isola

The field of self-supervised 3D representation learning has emerged as a promising solution to alleviate the challenge presented by the scarcity of extensive, well-annotated datasets. However, it continues to be hindered by the lack of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Yunsong Wang , Na Zhao , Gim Hee Lee

The limited availability of 3D medical image datasets, due to privacy concerns and high collection or annotation costs, poses significant challenges in the field of medical imaging. While a promising alternative is the use of synthesized…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-27 Lingting Zhu , Noel Codella , Dongdong Chen , Zhenchao Jin , Lu Yuan , Lequan Yu

Multimodal self-supervised representation learning has consistently proven to be a highly effective method in medical image analysis, offering strong task performance and producing biologically informed insights. However, these methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Lucas Farndale , Chris Walsh , Robert Insall , Ke Yuan

Multi-parametric MRI of the body is routinely acquired for the identification of abnormalities and diagnosis of diseases. However, a standard naming convention for the MRI protocols and associated sequences does not exist due to wide…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-14 Kimberly Helm , Tejas Sudharshan Mathai , Boah Kim , Pritam Mukherjee , Jianfei Liu , Ronald M. Summers

Computational protein design, i.e. inferring novel and diverse protein sequences consistent with a given structure, remains a major unsolved challenge. Recently, deep generative models that learn from sequences alone or from sequences and…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2021-11-15 Igor Melnyk , Payel Das , Vijil Chenthamarakshan , Aurelie Lozano

Learning efficient representations for concepts has been proven to be an important basis for many applications such as machine translation or document classification. Proper representations of medical concepts such as diagnosis, medication,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-02-18 Edward Choi , Mohammad Taha Bahadori , Elizabeth Searles , Catherine Coffey , Jimeng Sun

Neural networks have been shown to be an effective tool for learning algorithms over graph-structured data. However, graph representation techniques---that convert graphs to real-valued vectors for use with neural networks---are still in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-10 Shaileshh Bojja Venkatakrishnan , Mohammad Alizadeh , Pramod Viswanath

Boundary Representation (BRep) is the standard format for Computer-Aided Design (CAD), yet reconstructing high-quality BReps from single-view images remains challenging due to the complexity of topological constraints and operation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Shiyu Tan , Zixuan Zhao , Hao Gao , Zhiheng Chen , Xiaolong Yin , Enya Shen

Development of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques in medical imaging requires access to large-scale and diverse datasets for training and evaluation. In dermatology, obtaining such datasets remains challenging due to significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Andrea Kim , Niloufar Saharkhiz , Elena Sizikova , Miguel Lago , Berkman Sahiner , Jana Delfino , Aldo Badano

A recent method employs 3D voxels to represent 3D shapes, but this limits the approach to low resolutions due to the computational cost caused by the cubic complexity of 3D voxels. Hence the method suffers from a lack of detailed geometry.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-11-08 Zhizhong Han , Mingyang Shang , Xiyang Wang , Yu-Shen Liu , Matthias Zwicker