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Controlling the parameters' norm often yields good generalisation when training neural networks. Beyond simple intuitions, the relation between regularising parameters' norm and obtained estimators remains theoretically misunderstood. For…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-09 Etienne Boursier , Nicolas Flammarion

We study the generalization of over-parameterized deep networks (for image classification) in relation to the convex hull of their training sets. Despite their great success, generalization of deep networks is considered a mystery. These…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Roozbeh Yousefzadeh

This paper establishes the generalization error of pooled min-$\ell_2$-norm interpolation in transfer learning where data from diverse distributions are available. Min-norm interpolators emerge naturally as implicit regularized limits of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-06-21 Yanke Song , Sohom Bhattacharya , Pragya Sur

In modern machine learning, models can often fit training data in numerous ways, some of which perform well on unseen (test) data, while others do not. Remarkably, in such cases gradient descent frequently exhibits an implicit bias that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Noam Razin , Yotam Alexander , Edo Cohen-Karlik , Raja Giryes , Amir Globerson , Nadav Cohen

Interpolation models are critical for a wide range of applications, from numerical optimization to artificial intelligence. The reliability of the provided interpolated value is of utmost importance, and it is crucial to avoid the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-08-15 Daniele Peri

We demonstrate that the choice of optimizer, neural network architecture, and regularizer significantly affect the adversarial robustness of linear neural networks, providing guarantees without the need for adversarial training. To this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Fartash Faghri , Sven Gowal , Cristina Vasconcelos , David J. Fleet , Fabian Pedregosa , Nicolas Le Roux

We introduce a general framework for analyzing learning algorithms based on the notion of self-regularization, which captures implicit complexity control without requiring explicit regularization. This is motivated by previous observations…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-19 Max Schölpple , Liu Fanghui , Ingo Steinwart

In an attempt to better understand generalization in deep learning, we study several possible explanations. We show that implicit regularization induced by the optimization method is playing a key role in generalization and success of deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-09-11 Behnam Neyshabur

The phenomenon of benign overfitting, where a trained neural network perfectly fits noisy training data but still achieves near-optimal test performance, has been extensively studied in recent years for linear models and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Roey Magen , Shuning Shang , Zhiwei Xu , Spencer Frei , Wei Hu , Gal Vardi

In deep learning it is common to overparameterize neural networks, that is, to use more parameters than training samples. Quite surprisingly training the neural network via (stochastic) gradient descent leads to models that generalize very…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-01-30 Hung-Hsu Chou , Johannes Maly , Holger Rauhut

Miscalibration in deep learning refers to there is a discrepancy between the predicted confidence and performance. This problem usually arises due to the overfitting problem, which is characterized by learning everything presented in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Zongbo Han , Yifeng Yang , Changqing Zhang , Linjun Zhang , Joey Tianyi Zhou , Qinghua Hu

Overparametrized neural networks tend to perfectly fit noisy training data yet generalize well on test data. Inspired by this empirical observation, recent work has sought to understand this phenomenon of benign overfitting or harmless…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-23 Andrew D. McRae , Santhosh Karnik , Mark A. Davenport , Vidya Muthukumar

When training neural networks as classifiers, it is common to observe an increase in average test loss while still maintaining or improving the overall classification accuracy on the same dataset. In spite of the ubiquity of this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Arthur E. W. Venter , Marthinus W. Theunissen , Marelie H. Davel

This paper focuses on over-parameterized deep neural networks (DNNs) with ReLU activation functions and proves that when the data distribution is well-separated, DNNs can achieve Bayes-optimal test error for classification while obtaining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Zhenyu Zhu , Fanghui Liu , Grigorios G Chrysos , Francesco Locatello , Volkan Cevher

Recent advances in machine learning have inspired a surge of research into reconstructing specific quantities of interest from measurements that comply with certain physical laws. These efforts focus on inverse problems that are governed by…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-23 Honam Wong , Wendao Wu , Fanghui Liu , Yiping Lu

The shortcomings of maximum likelihood estimation in the context of model-based reinforcement learning have been highlighted by an increasing number of papers. When the model class is misspecified or has a limited representational capacity,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Evgenii Nikishin , Romina Abachi , Rishabh Agarwal , Pierre-Luc Bacon

We study implicit regularization when optimizing an underdetermined quadratic objective over a matrix $X$ with gradient descent on a factorization of $X$. We conjecture and provide empirical and theoretical evidence that with small enough…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-05-26 Suriya Gunasekar , Blake Woodworth , Srinadh Bhojanapalli , Behnam Neyshabur , Nathan Srebro

Regularization plays a vital role in the context of deep learning by preventing deep neural networks from the danger of overfitting. This paper proposes a novel deep learning regularization method named as DL-Reg, which carefully reduces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-05 Maryam Dialameh , Ali Hamzeh , Hossein Rahmani

We approach the problem of implicit regularization in deep learning from a geometrical viewpoint. We highlight a regularization effect induced by a dynamical alignment of the neural tangent features introduced by Jacot et al, along a small…

Deep linear networks trained with gradient descent yield low rank solutions, as is typically studied in matrix factorization. In this paper, we take a step further and analyze implicit rank regularization in autoencoders. We show greedy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Shih-Yu Sun , Vimal Thilak , Etai Littwin , Omid Saremi , Joshua M. Susskind
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