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We study the implicit regularization of optimization methods for linear models interpolating the training data in the under-parametrized and over-parametrized regimes. Since it is difficult to determine whether an optimizer converges to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Sharan Vaswani , Reza Babanezhad , Jose Gallego-Posada , Aaron Mishkin , Simon Lacoste-Julien , Nicolas Le Roux

When optimizing over-parameterized models, such as deep neural networks, a large set of parameters can achieve zero training error. In such cases, the choice of the optimization algorithm and its respective hyper-parameters introduces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-06 Gauthier Gidel , Francis Bach , Simon Lacoste-Julien

Deep learning systems are known to exhibit implicit regularization (alt. implicit bias), favoring simple solutions instead of merely minimizing the loss function. In some cases, we can analytically derive the implicit regularization --…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-08 Joseph H. Rudoler , Kevin Tan , Giles Hooker , Konrad P. Kording

Transfer learning is a key component of modern machine learning, enhancing the performance of target tasks by leveraging diverse data sources. Simultaneously, overparameterized models such as the minimum-$\ell_2$-norm interpolator (MNI) in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-19 Yeichan Kim , Ilmun Kim , Seyoung Park

We examine the necessity of interpolation in overparameterized models, that is, when achieving optimal predictive risk in machine learning problems requires (nearly) interpolating the training data. In particular, we consider simple…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-17 Chen Cheng , John Duchi , Rohith Kuditipudi

Transfer learning is a critical part of real-world machine learning deployments and has been extensively studied in experimental works with overparameterized neural networks. However, even in the simplest setting of linear regression a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Neil Mallinar , Austin Zane , Spencer Frei , Bin Yu

Overparameterized models may have many interpolating solutions; implicit regularization refers to the hidden preference of a particular optimization method towards a certain interpolating solution among the many. A by now established line…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Hung-Hsu Chou , Holger Rauhut , Rachel Ward

In many modern applications of deep learning the neural network has many more parameters than the data points used for its training. Motivated by those practices, a large body of recent theoretical research has been devoted to studying…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-12-07 A. Tsigler , P. L. Bartlett

Understanding when and why interpolating methods generalize well has recently been a topic of interest in statistical learning theory. However, systematically connecting interpolating methods to achievable notions of optimality has only…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-10-22 Eduard Oravkin , Patrick Rebeschini

A continuing mystery in understanding the empirical success of deep neural networks is their ability to achieve zero training error and generalize well, even when the training data is noisy and there are more parameters than data points. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-10 Vidya Muthukumar , Kailas Vodrahalli , Vignesh Subramanian , Anant Sahai

Understanding how overparameterized neural networks generalize despite perfect interpolation of noisy training data is a fundamental question. Mallinar et. al. 2022 noted that neural networks seem to often exhibit ``tempered overfitting'',…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Nirmit Joshi , Gal Vardi , Nathan Srebro

We study the problem of learning causal models from observational data through the lens of interpolation and its counterpart -- regularization. A large volume of recent theoretical, as well as empirical work, suggests that, in highly…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-21 Leena Chennuru Vankadara , Luca Rendsburg , Ulrike von Luxburg , Debarghya Ghoshdastidar

We bound the excess risk of interpolating deep linear networks trained using gradient flow. In a setting previously used to establish risk bounds for the minimum $\ell_2$-norm interpolant, we show that randomly initialized deep linear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-08 Niladri S. Chatterji , Philip M. Long

We consider networks, trained via stochastic gradient descent to minimize $\ell_2$ loss, with the training labels perturbed by independent noise at each iteration. We characterize the behavior of the training dynamics near any parameter…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-23 Guy Blanc , Neha Gupta , Gregory Valiant , Paul Valiant

"Benign overfitting", where classifiers memorize noisy training data yet still achieve a good generalization performance, has drawn great attention in the machine learning community. To explain this surprising phenomenon, a series of works…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-03 Jinghui Chen , Yuan Cao , Quanquan Gu

In the era of deep learning, understanding over-fitting phenomenon becomes increasingly important. It is observed that carefully designed deep neural networks achieve small testing error even when the training error is close to zero. One…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-12-04 Yue Xing , Qifan Song , Guang Cheng

Regularized linear regression is a promising approach for binary classification problems in which the training set has noisy labels since the regularization term can help to avoid interpolating the mislabeled data points. In this paper we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Danil Akhtiamov , Reza Ghane , Babak Hassibi

We investigate how shallow ReLU networks interpolate between known regions. Our analysis shows that empirical risk minimizers converge to a minimum norm interpolant as the number of data points and parameters tends to infinity when a weight…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-11-13 Jiyoung Park , Ian Pelakh , Stephan Wojtowytsch

We develop a theoretical framework for generalization in the interpolating regime of statistical learning. The central question is why highly overparameterized estimators can attain zero empirical risk while still achieving nontrivial…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-13 Gustav Olaf Yunus Laitinen-Lundström Fredriksson-Imanov

While the Implicit Bias(or Implicit Regularization) of standard loss functions has been studied, the optimization geometry induced by discriminative metric-learning objectives remains largely unexplored.To the best of our knowledge, this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Jiawen Li