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The t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) is a powerful and popular method for visualizing high-dimensional data. It minimizes the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence between the original and embedded data distributions. In this…

Feature representation is an important aspect of remote-sensing based image classification. While deep convolutional neural networks are able to effectively amalgamate information, large numbers of parameters often make learned features…

Misuses of t-SNE and UMAP in visual analytics have become increasingly common. For example, although t-SNE and UMAP projections often do not faithfully reflect the original distances between clusters, practitioners frequently use them to…

The chemical sciences are producing an unprecedented amount of large, high-dimensional data sets containing chemical structures and associated properties. However, there are currently no algorithms to visualize such data while preserving…

Dealing with visualizations containing large data set is a challenging issue and, in the field of Information Visualization, almost every visual technique reveals its drawback when visualizing large number of items. To deal with this…

This paper presents a kernelized version of the t-SNE algorithm, capable of mapping high-dimensional data to a low-dimensional space while preserving the pairwise distances between the data points in a non-Euclidean metric. This can be…

Low-dimensional embedding techniques such as tSNE and UMAP allow visualizing high-dimensional data and therewith facilitate the discovery of interesting structure. Although they are widely used, they visualize data as is, rather than in…

Dimensionality reduction methods are employed to decrease data dimensionality, either to enhance machine learning performance or to facilitate data visualization in two or three-dimensional spaces. These methods typically fall into two…

Parametric embedding methods such as parametric t-SNE (pt-SNE) have been widely adopted for data visualization and out-of-sample data embedding without further computationally expensive optimization or approximation. However, the…

Topological Data Analysis (TDA) provides tools to describe the shape of data, but integrating topological features into deep learning pipelines remains challenging, especially when preserving local geometric structure rather than…

Data are not only ubiquitous in society, but are increasingly complex both in size and dimensionality. Dimension reduction offers researchers and scholars the ability to make such complex, high dimensional data spaces simpler and more…

t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) for the visualization of multidimensional data has proven to be a popular approach, with successful applications in a wide range of domains. Despite their usefulness, t-SNE projections can…

Widely used pipelines for analyzing high-dimensional data utilize two-dimensional visualizations. These are created, for instance, via t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE). A crucial element of the t-SNE embedding procedure…

It has become standard to use gradient-based dimensionality reduction (DR) methods like tSNE and UMAP when explaining what AI models have learned. This makes sense: these methods are fast, robust, and have an uncanny ability to find…

t-distributed Stochastic Neighborhood Embedding (t-SNE), a clustering and visualization method proposed by van der Maaten & Hinton in 2008, has rapidly become a standard tool in a number of natural sciences. Despite its overwhelming…

Persistence diagrams (PDs) are used as signatures of point cloud data. Two clouds of points can be compared using the bottleneck distance d_B between their PDs. A potential drawback of this pipeline is that point clouds sampled from…

High dimensional data can contain multiple scales of variance. Analysis tools that preferentially operate at one scale can be ineffective at capturing all the information present in this cross-scale complexity. We propose a multiscale joint…

The t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (tSNE) algorithm has become in recent years one of the most used and insightful techniques for the exploratory data analysis of high-dimensional data. tSNE reveals clusters of high-dimensional…

Analyzing and visualizing scientific ensemble datasets with high dimensionality and complexity poses significant challenges. Dimensionality reduction techniques and autoencoders are powerful tools for extracting features, but they often…

t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) is a well-established visualization method for complex high-dimensional data. However, the original t-SNE method is nonparametric, stochastic, and often cannot well prevserve the global…