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Belgium is amongst few artificial countries, established on purpose, when Dutch and French speaking parts were joined in a single unit. This makes Belgium a particularly interesting testbed for studying bio-inspired techniques for…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2011-12-21 Andrew Adamatzky , Bernard De Baets , Wesley Van Dessel

As cities struggle to adapt to more ``people-centered'' urbanism, transportation planning and engineering must innovate to expand the street network strategically in order to ensure efficiency but also to deter sprawl. Here, we conducted a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-11-16 Gabriel L. Maia , Caio Ponte , Carlos Caminha , Lara Furtado , Hygor P. M. Melo , Vasco Furtado

On-road bicycle lanes improve safety for cyclists, and encourage participation in cycling for active transport and recreation. With many local authorities responsible for portions of the infrastructure, official maps and datasets of bicycle…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-28 Tyler Saxton

Plasmodium stage of Physarum polycephalum behaves as a distributed dynamical pattern formation mechanism who's foraging and migration is influenced by local stimuli from a wide range of attractants and repellents. Complex protoplasmic tube…

Biological Physics · Physics 2012-04-10 Soichiro Tsuda , Jeff Jones , Andrew Adamatzky , Jonathan Mills

In the realm of biological flow networks, the ability to dynamically adjust to varying demands is paramount. Drawing inspiration from the remarkable adaptability of Physarum polycephalum, we present a novel physical mechanism tailored to…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-10-05 Vidyesh Rao Anisetti , Ananth Kandala , J. M. Schwarz

Cities around the world face significant barriers to grow urban cycling, including competing budgetary priorities and car-centric streets. Thus, when making decisions regarding the installation of bicycle infrastructure, it is crucial to…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-07-08 Marcel Moran , Malik Salman , Takahiro Yabe

Cycling is an effective solution for making urban transport more sustainable. However, bicycle networks are typically developed in a slow, piecewise process that leaves open a large number of gaps, even in well developed cycling cities like…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-05-03 Anastassia Vybornova , Tiago Cunha , Astrid Gühnemann , Michael Szell

A fundamental question regarding biological transport networks is the interplay between the network development or reorganization and the flows it carries. We use Physarum polycephalum, a true slime mould with a transport network which…

Biological Physics · Physics 2022-12-27 Raphaël Saiseau , Valentin Busson , Laura Xénard , Marc Durand

Street networks allow people and goods to move through cities, but they are vulnerable to disasters like floods, earthquakes, and terrorist attacks. Well-planned network design can make a city more resilient and robust to such disruptions,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-03-19 Geoff Boeing , Jaehyun Ha

Transport operators have a range of intervention options available to improve or enhance their networks. Such interventions are often made in the absence of sound evidence on resulting outcomes. Cycling superhighways were promoted as a…

Applications · Statistics 2022-01-04 Prajamitra Bhuyan , Emma J. McCoy , Haojie Li , Daniel J. Graham

Plasmodium of acellular slime mould Physarum polycephalum is a very large eukaryotic microbe visible to the unaided eye. During its foraging behaviour the plasmodium spans sources of nutrients with a network of protoplasmic tubes. In this…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2012-09-14 Andrew Adamatzky , Michael Lees , Peter M. A. Sloot

We analyse the results of our experimental laboratory approximation of motorways networks with slime mould Physarum polycephalum. Motorway networks of fourteen geographical areas are considered: Australia, Africa, Belgium, Brazil, Canada,…

Highly-optimized complex transport networks serve crucial functions in many man-made and natural systems such as power grids and plant or animal vasculature. Often, the relevant optimization functional is non-convex and characterized by…

Biological Physics · Physics 2016-09-23 Henrik Ronellenfitsch , Eleni Katifori

In recent years, research on Physarum polycephalum has become more popular after Nakagaki et al. (2000) performed their famous experiment showing that Physarum was able to find the shortest route through a maze. Subsequent researches have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Abubakr Awad , Wei Pang , David Lusseau , George M. Coghill

Physarum polycephalum is an acellular slime mould that grows as a highly adaptive network of veins filled with protoplasm. As it forages, Physarum dynamically rearranges its network structure as a response to local stimuli information,…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-05-23 Rodrigo Almeida , Rui Dilão

The user equilibrium traffic assignment principle is very important in the traffic assignment problem. Mathematical programming models are designed to solve the user equilibrium problem in traditional algorithms. Recently, the Physarum…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2016-12-21 Shuai Xu , Wen Jiang , Yehang Shou

In the last decades, mobility planning has been a fundamental issue for the development of cities. A full knowledge of the way a mobility system influences the traffic behavior of a whole city is needed in order to propose plans aligned…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-04-20 Alessandra Campo , Roberto D'Autilia

In this paper we study dynamics inspired by Physarum polycephalum (a slime mold) for solving linear programs [NTY00, IJNT11, JZ12]. These dynamics are arrived at by a local and mechanistic interpretation of the inner workings of the slime…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-11-24 Damian Straszak , Nisheeth K. Vishnoi

The true slime mold \textit{Physarum polycephalum} has the remarkable capability to perform self-organized activities such as network formation among food sources. Despite well reproducing the emergence of slime networks, existing models…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2025-08-04 Damiano Reginato , Daniele Proverbio , Giulia Giordano

Transportation networks, from bicycle paths to buses and railways, are the backbone of urban mobility. In large metropolitan areas, the integration of different transport modes has become crucial to guarantee the fast and sustainable flow…