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We model human and animal learning by computing with high-dimensional vectors (H = 10,000 for example). The architecture resembles traditional (von Neumann) computing with numbers, but the instructions refer to vectors and operate on them…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Pentti Kanerva

Hyperdimensional Computing (HDC) is a computation framework based on properties of high-dimensional random spaces. It is particularly useful for machine learning in resource-constrained environments, such as embedded systems and IoT, as it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Igor Nunes , Mike Heddes , Tony Givargis , Alexandru Nicolau

Hyperdimensional computing (HDC) offers lightweight learning for energy-constrained devices by encoding data into high-dimensional vectors. However, its reliance on ultra-high dimensionality and static, randomly initialized hypervectors…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Hanne Dejonghe , Sam Leroux

The Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus (ARC) is a popular benchmark focused on visual reasoning in the evaluation of Artificial Intelligence systems. In its original framing, an ARC task requires solving a program synthesis problem over small…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Wenhao Li , Yudong Xu , Scott Sanner , Elias Boutros Khalil

The idea of disentangled representations is to reduce the data to a set of generative factors that produce it. Typically, such representations are vectors in latent space, where each coordinate corresponds to one of the generative factors.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Alexandr Korchemnyi , Alexey K. Kovalev , Aleksandr I. Panov

Hyperdimensional (HD) computing is built upon its unique data type referred to as hypervectors. The dimension of these hypervectors is typically in the range of tens of thousands. Proposed to solve cognitive tasks, HD computing aims at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-08 Lulu Ge , Keshab K. Parhi

We propose a new technique, Singular Vector Canonical Correlation Analysis (SVCCA), a tool for quickly comparing two representations in a way that is both invariant to affine transform (allowing comparison between different layers and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-11-09 Maithra Raghu , Justin Gilmer , Jason Yosinski , Jascha Sohl-Dickstein

Hyperdimensional Computing affords simple, yet powerful operations to create long Hyperdimensional Vectors (hypervectors) that can efficiently encode information, be used for learning, and are dynamic enough to be modified on the fly. In…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2022-06-01 Peter Sutor , Dehao Yuan , Douglas Summers-Stay , Cornelia Fermuller , Yiannis Aloimonos

Smart manufacturing requires on-device intelligence that meets strict latency and energy budgets. HyperDimensional Computing (HDC) offers a lightweight alternative by encoding data as high-dimensional hypervectors and computing with simple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Fardin Jalil Piran , Anandkumar Patel , Rajiv Malhotra , Farhad Imani

Analyzing a visual scene by inferring the configuration of a generative model is widely considered the most flexible and generalizable approach to scene understanding. Yet, one major problem is the computational challenge of the inference…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Alpha Renner , Lazar Supic , Andreea Danielescu , Giacomo Indiveri , Bruno A. Olshausen , Yulia Sandamirskaya , Friedrich T. Sommer , E. Paxon Frady

We investigate the task of retrieving information from compositional distributed representations formed by Hyperdimensional Computing/Vector Symbolic Architectures and present novel techniques which achieve new information rate bounds.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Denis Kleyko , Connor Bybee , Ping-Chen Huang , Christopher J. Kymn , Bruno A. Olshausen , E. Paxon Frady , Friedrich T. Sommer

Hyperdimensional Computing (HDC) is a bio-inspired computing framework that has gained increasing attention, especially as a more efficient approach to machine learning (ML). This work introduces the \name{} compiler, the first open-source…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Pere Vergés , Mike Heddes , Igor Nunes , Tony Givargis , Alexandru Nicolau

Hyperdimensional Computing (HDC) is an emerging computational paradigm for representing compositional information as high-dimensional vectors, and has a promising potential in applications ranging from machine learning to neuromorphic…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Netanel Raviv

Multiphoton photoreduction enables high-fidelity fabrication of complex 3D microstructures, yet reliable process-structure-property (PSP) prediction remains difficult because the available data are sparse, heterogeneous, and…

Combinatorial generalization - the ability to understand and produce novel combinations of already familiar elements - is considered to be a core capacity of the human mind and a major challenge to neural network models. A significant body…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-09-24 Ivan Vankov , Jeffrey Bowers

A key challenge in artificial intelligence and neuroscience is understanding how neural systems learn representations that capture the underlying dynamics of the world. Most world models represent the transition function with unstructured…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-26 William Youngwoo Chung , Calvin Yeung , Hansen Jin Lillemark , Zhuowen Zou , Xiangjian Liu , Mohsen Imani

The Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus for Artificial General Intelligence (ARC-AGI) is a generative, few-shot fluid intelligence benchmark. Although humans effortlessly solve ARC-AGI, it remains extremely difficult for even the most advanced…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Isaac Joffe , Chris Eliasmith

Word embeddings are rich word representations, which in combination with deep neural networks, lead to large performance gains for many NLP tasks. However, word embeddings are represented by dense, real-valued vectors and they are therefore…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Andreas Hanselowski , Iryna Gurevych

Overparameterized machine learning (ML) methods such as neural networks may be prohibitively resource intensive for devices with limited computational capabilities. Hyperdimensional computing (HDC) is an emerging resource efficient and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Nikita Zeulin , Olga Galinina , Ravikumar Balakrishnan , Nageen Himayat , Sergey Andreev

Vision Transformers (ViTs) achieve strong data-driven scaling by leveraging all-to-all self-attention. However, this flexibility incurs a computational cost that scales quadratically with image resolution, limiting ViTs in high-resolution…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Alan Z. Song , Yinjie Chen , Mu Nan , Rui Zhang , Jiahang Cao , Weijian Mai , Muquan Yu , Hossein Adeli , Deva Ramanan , Michael J. Tarr , Andrew F. Luo