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We present a generalisation of the classical Lanchester model for directed fire between two combat forces but now employing networks for the manoeuvre of Blue and Red forces, and the pattern of engagement between the two. The model…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-05-14 Alexander Kalloniatis , Keeley Hoek , Mathew Zuparic , Markus Brede

One of the most notable aspects of mathematical modeling is that it sheds light on the complexities arising from changes in parameters and their real-world implications, thus gaining better insight into the dynamics of economic, political,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-12-02 Rouzbeh Aghaieebeiklavasani , Gholam Reza Rokni Lamouki

The classical Lanchester's model is shortly reviewed and analysed, with particular attention to the critical issues that intrinsically arise from the mathematical formalization of the problem. We then generalize a particular version of such…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-06-09 Nicolò Cangiotti , Marco Capolli , Mattia Sensi

An overview of Lanchester combat models, emphasising their pedagogical possibilities. After a description of the aimed-fire model and comments on the literature, we introduce briefly a range of further topics: a discrete equivalent, the…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2007-05-23 N. J. MacKay

Lanchester's model of combat has certain deficiencies in its standard form arising from the neglect of the influence of random fluctuations. Several approaches to rectify this have been proposed and various results are scattered throughout…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-05-09 Michael J. Kearney , Richard J. Martin

In this work, we introduce a nonlinear Lanchester model of NCW-type and study a problem of finding the optimal fire allocation for this model. A Blue party $B$ will fight against a Red party consisting of $A$ and $R$, where $A$ is an…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-04-08 My A. Vu , Nam H. Nguyen , Hanh Le T. Nguyen , Anh N. Ta , Mong H. Nguyen

Armed conflict data display scaling and universal dynamics in both social and physical properties like fatalities and geographic extent. We propose a randomly branching, armed-conflict model that relates multiple properties to one another…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-11-04 Edward D. Lee , Bryan C. Daniels , Christopher R. Myers , David C. Krakauer , Jessica C. Flack

In this paper, a non-linear Lanchester-type model involving supply units is introduced. The model describes a battle where the Blue party consisting of one armed force $B$ is fighting against the Red party. The Red party consists of $n$…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-10-13 Nguyen Hong Nam , Vu Anh My , Ta Ngoc Anh , Hy Duc Manh , Do Anh Tuan

Decision making is a human process that is a fundamental part of competition. As a realisation of decision making, Command and Control, or C2, has been studied in the literature for adversarial populations, yet these models do not…

Effective evaluation of real-time strategy tasks requires adaptive mechanisms to cope with dynamic and unpredictable environments. This study proposes a method to improve evaluation functions for real-time responsiveness to battle-field…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Weilong Yang , Jie Zhang , Xunyun Liu , Yanqing Ye

In this paper, we introduce a non-linear Lanchester model of NCW-type and investigate an optimization problem for this model, where only the Red force is supplied by several supply agents. Optimal fire allocation of the Blue force is sought…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-08-13 Nam Hong Nguyen , My Anh Vu , Dinh Van Bui , Anh Ngoc Ta , Manh Duc Hy

The Kuramoto-Sakaguchi model for coupled phase oscillators with phase-frustration is often studied in the thermodynamic limit of infinitely many oscillators. Here we extend a model reduction method based on collective coordinates to capture…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2020-07-01 Wenqi Yue , Lachlan D. Smith , Georg A. Gottwald

This thesis presents a novel framework for analysing the societal impacts of armed conflict by applying principles from engineering and material science. Building on the idea of a "social fabric", it recasts communities as plates with…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Felix Schwebel , Sebastian Meynen , Manuel García-Herranz

Major revolts have recently erupted in parts of the Middle East with substantial international repercussions. Predicting, coping with and winning those revolts have become a grave problem for many regimes and for world powers. We propose a…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2011-06-23 Michael P. Atkinson , Alexander Gutfraind , Moshe Kress

The paper is a half-way between the agent technology and the mathematical reasoning to model tactical decision making tasks. These models are applied to air defense (AD) domain for command and control (C2). It also addresses the issues…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-05-13 Sumanta Kumar Das

Neural models learn data representations that lie on low-dimensional manifolds, yet modeling the relation between these representational spaces is an ongoing challenge. By integrating spectral geometry principles into neural modeling, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Marco Fumero , Marco Pegoraro , Valentino Maiorca , Francesco Locatello , Emanuele Rodolà

Achieving mission objectives in a realistic simulation of aerial combat is highly challenging due to imperfect situational awareness and nonlinear flight dynamics. In this work, we introduce a novel 3D multi-agent air combat environment and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Ardian Selmonaj , Giacomo Del Rio , Adrian Schneider , Alessandro Antonucci

Synchronization is observed in many natural systems, with examples ranging from neuronal activation to walking pedestrians. The models proposed by Winfree and Kuramoto stand as the classic frameworks for investigating these phenomena. The…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-06-14 Guilherme S. Costa , Marcus A. M. de Aguiar

Behaviors of the synthetic characters in current military simulations are limited since they are generally generated by rule-based and reactive computational models with minimal intelligence. Such computational models cannot adapt to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-01-07 Volkan Ustun , Rajay Kumar , Adam Reilly , Seyed Sajjadi , Andrew Miller

The generation of feasible adversarial examples is necessary for properly assessing models that work in constrained feature space. However, it remains a challenging task to enforce constraints into attacks that were designed for computer…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Thibault Simonetto , Salijona Dyrmishi , Salah Ghamizi , Maxime Cordy , Yves Le Traon
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