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We consider two closely related problems: anomaly detection in sensor networks and testing for infections in human populations. In both problems, we have $n$ nodes (sensors, humans), and each node exhibits an event of interest (anomaly,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Melih Bastopcu , Sennur Ulukus

Background: There is limited information about the role of different age groups, particularly subgroups of school-age children and younger adults in propagating influenza epidemics. Methods: For a communicable disease outbreak, some…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2017-06-13 Edward Goldstein

Test-negative designs (TNDs), a form of case-cohort study, are widely used to evaluate infectious disease interventions, notably for influenza and, more recently, COVID-19 vaccines. TNDs rely on recruiting individuals who are tested for the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-29 Mengxin Yu , Nicholas P. Jewell

In this article, we investigate the importance of demographic and contact patterns in determining the spread of COVID-19 and to the effectiveness of social distancing policies. We investigate these questions proposing an augmented…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2022-05-12 M. A. Ridenti , L. K. Teles , A. Maranhão , V. K. Teles

Effective strategies of vaccine prioritization are essential to mitigate the impacts of severe infectious diseases. We investigate the role of infection fatality ratio (IFR) and social contact matrices on vaccination prioritization using a…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2023-10-04 Arthur Schulenburg , Wesley Cota , Guilherme S. Costa , Silvio C. Ferreira

How do incentive levels affect strategic behaviour? We address this with an experiment that separately identifies own- and opponent-incentive effects in two dominance-solvable games that differ in strategic complexity. Higher own incentives…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-03-30 Teresa Esteban-Casanelles , Duarte Gonçalves

Online self-disclosure is perhaps one of the last decade's most studied communication processes, thanks to the introduction of Online Social Networks (OSNs) like Facebook. Self-disclosure research has contributed significantly to the design…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-08-19 Nicolás E. Díaz Ferreyra , Sina Ostendorf , Esma Aïmeur , Maritta Heisel , Matthias Brand

A new age-distributed immuno-epidemiological model with information-based vaccine uptake suggested in this work represents a system of integro-differential equations for the numbers of susceptible individuals, infected individuals,…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2024-04-02 Samiran Ghosh , Malay Banerjee , Vitaly Volpert

A commonly used method to protect user privacy in data collection is to perform randomized perturbation on user's real data before collection so that aggregated statistics can still be inferred without endangering secrets held by…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Aria Rezaei , Jie Gao

The public goods game describes a social dilemma in which a large proportion of agents act as conditional cooperators (CC): they only act cooperatively if they see others acting cooperatively because they satisfice with the social norm to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Shatayu Kulkarni , Sabine Brunswicker

This paper empirically analyzes how individual characteristics are associated with risk aversion, loss aversion, time discounting, and present bias. To this end, we conduct a large-scale demographically representative survey across eight…

General Economics · Economics 2022-05-12 Thomas Meissner , Xavier Gassmann , Corinne Faure , Joachim Schleich

People are influenced by the choices of others, a phenomenon observed across contexts in the social and behavioral sciences. Social influence can lock in an initial popularity advantage of an option over a higher quality alternative. Yet…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-08-09 Alexandros Gelastopoulos , Pantelis P. Analytis , Gaël Le Mens , Arnout van de Rijt

Adjustments to public health policy are common. This paper investigates the impact of COVID-19 policy ambiguity on specific groups' insurance consumption. The results show that sensitive groups' willingness to pay (WTP) for insurance is…

General Economics · Economics 2023-06-16 Qiang Li

We report a large-scale randomized controlled trial designed to assess whether the partisan cue of a pro-vaccine message from Donald Trump would induce Americans to get COVID-19 vaccines. Our study involved presenting a 27-second…

We point out an instantiation of Simpson's paradox in Covid-19 case fatality rates (CFRs): comparing a large-scale study from China (17 Feb) with early reports from Italy (9 Mar), we find that CFRs are lower in Italy for every age group,…

Applications · Statistics 2021-06-24 Julius von Kügelgen , Luigi Gresele , Bernhard Schölkopf

International public health policies increasingly favor mandatory immunization. If its short-term effects on vaccine coverage are well documented, there has been little consideration to its effects on public attitudes towards vaccines. In…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Florian Cafiero , Jeremy Ward

Nudging participants with text-based reflective nudges enhances deliberation quality on online deliberation platforms. The effectiveness of multimodal reflective nudges, however, remains largely unexplored. Given the multi-sensory nature of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-10 ShunYi Yeo , Zhuoqun Jiang , Anthony Tang , Simon Tangi Perrault

The bystander effect is a social psychological phenomenon in which individuals are less likely to help a person potentially in need if there are others present. Sociologists and psychologists have proposed multiple plausible reasons for the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-01-13 Tiffanie Ng , Sara M Clifton

The informational environment surrounding the Covid-19 pandemic has been widely recognized as fragmented, politicized, and complex [1]. This has resulted in polarized public views regarding the veracity of scientific communication, the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Alex Rich , Cameron Yick , David Gotz

Recommender systems leverage user demographic information, such as age, gender, etc., to personalize recommendations and better place their targeted ads. Oftentimes, users do not volunteer this information due to privacy concerns, or due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-08-01 Smriti Bhagat , Udi Weinsberg , Stratis Ioannidis , Nina Taft