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SmartNICs have recently emerged as an appealing device for accelerating distributed systems. However, there has not been a comprehensive characterization of SmartNICs, and existing designs typically only leverage a single communication path…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Xingda Wei , Rongxin Cheng , Yuhan Yang , Rong Chen , Haibo Chen

High-performance computing (HPC) researchers have long envisioned scenarios where application workflows could be improved through the use of programmable processing elements embedded in the network fabric. Recently, vendors have introduced…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-05-17 Jianshen Liu , Carlos Maltzahn , Craig Ulmer , Matthew Leon Curry

Host CPU resources are heavily consumed by TCP stack processing, limiting scalability in data centers. Existing offload methods typically address only partial functionality or lack flexibility. This paper introduces PnO (Plug & Offload), an…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Hailong Nan , Zhe Zhou , Min Yang

The exponential growth of data traffic and the increasing complexity of networked applications demand effective solutions capable of passively inspecting and analysing the network traffic for monitoring and security purposes. Implementing…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Luca Deri , Alfredo Cardigliano , Francesco Fusco

Although modern, AI-centric datacenters heavily rely on SmartNICs, existing devices impose a hard trade-off. Commercial SmartNICs provide high bandwidth and easy software integration, but offer limited support for customization and data…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Benjamin Ramhorst , Maximilian Jakob Heer , Luhao Liu , Heejae Kim , Jonas Dann , Jin-Soo Kim , Gustavo Alonso

SmartNIC Data Processing Units (DPUs) offer a promising solution for saving high-end CPU resources by offloading tasks to programmable cores near the network interface. In this work, we explore the feasibility of SmartNIC DPUs in supporting…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Jacob Wahlgren , Andong Hu , Roger Pearce , Maya Gokhale , Ivy Peng

Disaggregated memory breaks the boundary of monolithic servers to enable memory provisioning on demand. Using network-attached memory to provide memory expansion for memory-intensive applications on compute nodes can improve the overall…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Jacob Wahlgren , Gabin Schieffer , Maya Gokhale , Roger Pearce , Ivy Peng

Network speeds grow quickly in the modern cloud, so SmartNICs are introduced to offload network processing tasks, even application logic. However, typical multicore SmartNICs such as BlueFiled-2 are only capable of processing control-plane…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Xuzheng Chen , Jie Zhang , Ting Fu , Yifan Shen , Shu Ma , Kun Qian , Lingjun Zhu , Chao Shi , Yin Zhang , Ming Liu , Zeke Wang

Recently SmartNICs are widely used to accelerate service chains in NFV. However, when the SmartNIC is overloaded, casually migrating vNFs away from SmartNIC to CPU may lead to additional packet transmissions between SmartNIC and CPU. To…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-06-27 Zili Meng , Jun Bi , Chen Sun , Shuhe Wang , Minhu Wang , Hongxin Hu

With CPU scaling slowing down in today's data centers, more functionalities are being offloaded from the CPU to auxiliary devices. One such device is the SmartNIC, which is being increasingly adopted in data centers. In today's cloud…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-12-26 Yizhou Shan , Will Lin , Ryan Kosta , Arvind Krishnamurthy , Yiying Zhang

Many distributed applications implement complex data flows and need a flexible mechanism for routing data between producers and consumers. Recent advances in programmable network interface cards, or SmartNICs, represent an opportunity to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Jianshen Liu , Carlos Maltzahn , Matthew L. Curry , Craig Ulmer

SmartNICs are touted as an attractive substrate for network application offloading, offering benefits in programmability, host resource saving, and energy efficiency. The current usage restricts offloading to local hosts and confines…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Qiang Su , Shaofeng Wu , Zhixiong Niu , Ran Shu , Peng Cheng , Yongqiang Xiong , Zaoxing Liu , Hong Xu

As the gap between network and CPU speeds rapidly increases, the CPU-centric network stack proves inadequate due to excessive CPU and memory overhead. While hardware-offloaded network stacks alleviate these issues, they suffer from limited…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Xuzheng Chen , Jie Zhang , Baolin Zhu , Xueying Zhu , Zhongqing Chen , Shu Ma , Lingjun Zhu , Chao Shi , Yin Zhang , Zeke Wang

The emergence of new, off-path smart network cards (SmartNICs), known generally as Data Processing Units (DPU), has opened a wide range of research opportunities. Of particular interest is the use of these and related devices in tandem with…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Nathan Tibbetts , Sifat Ibtisum , Satish Puri

With the growing performance requirements on networked applications, there is a new trend of offloading stateful network applications to SmartNICs to improve performance and reduce the total cost of ownership. However, offloading stateful…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Shaoke Xi , Jiaqi Gao , Mengqi Liu , Jiamin Cao , Fuliang Li , Kai Bu , Kui Ren , Minlan Yu , Dennis Cai , Ennan Zhai

Load balancers are pervasively used inside today's clouds to scalably distribute network requests across data center servers. Given the extensive use of load balancers and their associated operating costs, several efforts have focused on…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Tianyi Cui , Chenxingyu Zhao , Wei Zhang , Kaiyuan Zhang , Arvind Krishnamurthy

Pervasive encryption makes large-scale labeling infeasible for traffic analysis, while security operations demand edge analysis to avert service degradation and further vulnerabilities. These pressures have produced two disjoint research…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Chungang Lin , Xuying Meng , Tianyu Zuo , Weiyao Zhang , Meng Shen , Ruijie Zhao , Guanming Che , Ruiqi Meng , Ziyue Huang , Haitong Luo , Zhiwei Xu , Yujun Zhang

Multi-tenancy is essential for unleashing SmartNIC's potential in datacenters. Our systematic analysis in this work shows that existing on-path SmartNICs have resource multiplexing limitations. For example, existing solutions lack…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Mikhail Khalilov , Marcin Chrapek , Siyuan Shen , Alessandro Vezzu , Thomas Benz , Salvatore Di Girolamo , Timo Schneider , Daniele De Sensi , Luca Benini , Torsten Hoefler

Today's data centers consist of thousands of network-connected hosts, each with CPUs and accelerators such as GPUs and FPGAs. These hosts also contain network interface cards (NICs), operating at speeds of 100Gb/s or higher, that are used…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Guanwen Zhong , Aditya Kolekar , Burin Amornpaisannon , Inho Choi , Haris Javaid , Mario Baldi

The end of Moore's Law and Dennard Scaling has slowed processor improvements in the past decade. While multi-core processors have improved performance, they are limited by the application's level of parallelism, as prescribed by Amdahl's…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Elie Kfoury , Samia Choueiri , Ali Mazloum , Ali AlSabeh , Jose Gomez , Jorge Crichigno
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