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Related papers: SoK: Data Privacy in Virtual Reality

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With the unprecedented diffusion of virtual reality, the number of application scenarios is continuously growing. As commercial and gaming applications become pervasive, the need for the secure and convenient identification of users, often…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Sara Baldoni , Salim Benhamadi , Federico Chiariotti , Michele Zorzi , Federica Battisti

Commercial Virtual Reality (VR) transforms people's virtual experiences but introduces deceptive design opportunities that threaten user privacy. Although privacy deceptive patterns on 2D platforms are well-documented, their impacts in VR…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Hilda Hadan , Michaela Valiquette , Lennart E. Nacke , Leah Zhang-Kennedy

As Mixed Reality (MR) devices become increasingly popular across industries, they raise significant privacy and ethical concerns due to their capacity to collect extensive data on users and their environments. This paper highlights the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Marvin Strauss , Viktorija Paneva , Florian Alt , Stefan Schneegass

Virtual reality (VR) is an emerging technology that enables new applications but also introduces privacy risks. In this paper, we focus on Oculus VR (OVR), the leading platform in the VR space and we provide the first comprehensive analysis…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-22 Rahmadi Trimananda , Hieu Le , Hao Cui , Janice Tran Ho , Anastasia Shuba , Athina Markopoulou

The metaverse promises unprecedented immersive digital experiences but also raises critical privacy concerns as vast amounts of personal and behavioral data are collected. As immersive technologies blur the boundaries between physical and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Muhammad Irfan Khalid , Ilias Pappas , Moatasim Mahmoud , Stamatia Rizou

Extended Reality (XR) technology is changing online interactions, but its granular data collection sensors may be more invasive to user privacy than web, mobile, and the Internet of Things technologies. Despite an increased interest in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Hilda Hadan , Derrick M. Wang , Lennart E. Nacke , Leah Zhang-Kennedy

Dating apps such as Tinder have announced plans for a dating metaverse: the incorporation of XR technologies into the online dating process to augment interactions between potential sexual partners across virtual and physical worlds. While…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Sarath S. Shanker , Douglas Zytko

Virtual reality (VR) platforms enable a wide range of applications, however, pose unique privacy risks. In particular, VR devices are equipped with a rich set of sensors that collect personal and sensitive information (e.g., body motion,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Ismat Jarin , Yu Duan , Rahmadi Trimananda , Hao Cui , Salma Elmalaki , Athina Markopoulou

Virtual Reality (VR) technology has become increasingly popular in recent years as a key enabler of the Metaverse. VR applications have unique characteristics, including the revolutionized human-computer interaction mechanisms, that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Shuqing Li , Lili Wei , Yepang Liu , Cuiyun Gao , Shing-Chi Cheung , Michael R. Lyu

As Virtual Reality (VR) applications grow in popularity, they have bridged distances and brought users closer together. However, with this growth, there have been increasing concerns about security and privacy, especially related to the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Zihao Su , Kunlin Cai , Reuben Beeler , Lukas Dresel , Allan Garcia , Ilya Grishchenko , Yuan Tian , Christopher Kruegel , Giovanni Vigna

Virtual Reality (VR) technology is rapidly growing in recent years. VR devices such as Meta Quest 3 utilize numerous sensors to collect users' data to provide an immersive experience. Due to the extensive data collection and the immersive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Vamsi Shankar Simhadri , Yichang Xiong , Habiba Farrukh , Xiaokuan Zhang

Vision is the most important sense for people, and it is also one of the main ways of cognition. As a result, people tend to utilize visual content to capture and share their life experiences, which greatly facilitates the transfer of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-30 Ruoyu Zhao , Yushu Zhang , Tao Wang , Wenying Wen , Yong Xiang , Xiaochun Cao

Metaverse is an evolving orchestrator of the next-generation Internet architecture that produces an immersive and self-adapting virtual world in which humans perform activities similar to those in the real world, such as playing sports,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-11 Mansoor Ali , Faisal Naeem , Georges Kaddoum , Ekram Hossain

Virtual Reality (VR) has emerged as a transformative technology across industries, yet its security weaknesses, including vulnerabilities, are underinvestigated. This study investigates 334 VR projects hosted on GitHub, examining 1,681…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Yifan Xu , Jinfu Chen , Zhenyu Qi , Huashan Chen , Junyi Wang , Pengfei Hu , Feng Liu , Sen He

The virtual dimension called `Cyberspace' built on internet technologies has served people's daily lives for decades. Now it offers advanced services and connected experiences with the developing pervasive computing technologies that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-10 Yinhao Jiang , Ba Dung Le , Tanveer Zia , Praveen Gauravaram

Due to the abrupt arise of pandemic worldwide, the video conferencing platforms are becoming ubiquitously available and being embedded into either various digital devices or the collaborative daily work. Even though the service provider has…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Shijing He , Yaxiong Lei

In this work, we present a device-centric analysis of security and privacy attacks and defenses on Extended Reality (XR) devices, highlighting the need for robust and privacy-aware security mechanisms. Based on our analysis, we present…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Derin Cayir , Abbas Acar , Riccardo Lazzeretti , Marco Angelini , Mauro Conti , Selcuk Uluagac

Metaverse in general holds a potential future for cyberspace. At the beginning of Web 2.0, it was witnessed that people were signing in with various pseudonyms or 'nyms', risking their online identities by increasing presence of fake…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-06 Sibi Chakkaravarthy Sethuraman , Aditya Mitra , Anisha Ghosh , Gautam Galada , Anitha Subramanian

Objectives: This paper presents an up-to-date overview of research performed in the Virtual Reality (VR) environment ranging from definitions, its presence in the various fields, and existing market players and their projects in the VR…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2017-09-01 Ayush Sharma , Piyush Bajpai , Sukhdev Singh , Kiran Khatter

Privacy is of worldwide concern regarding activities and processes that include sensitive data. For this reason, many countries and territories have been recently approving regulations controlling the extent to which organizations may…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Samuel Sousa , Christian Guetl , Roman Kern