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In this paper, we approximate the hidden Markov model of chaotic-map truly random number generators (TRNGs) and describe its fundamental limits based on the approximate entropy-rate of the underlying bit-generation process. We demonstrate…
One of the key requirement of many schemes is that of random numbers. Sequence of random numbers are used at several stages of a standard cryptographic protocol. A simple example is of a Vernam cipher, where a string of random numbers is…
Random numbers are a fundamental resource in science and engineering with important applications in simulation and cryptography. The inherent randomness at the core of quantum mechanics makes quantum systems a perfect source of entropy.…
Pulsars exhibit signals with precise inter-arrival times that are on the order of milliseconds to seconds, depending on the individual pulsar. There are subtle variations in the timing of pulsar signals. We show that these variations can…
Random number generation is an important task in a wide variety of critical applications including cryptographic algorithms, scientific simulations, and industrial testing tools. True Random Number Generators (TRNGs) produce truly random…
We explore here the stochastic behavior of the DECAL sensor's noise output, and we evaluate its potential application as a true random number generator (TRNG) using time series analysis. The main objectives are twofold: first, to…
We present a random number generator based on quantum effects in photonic emission and detection. It is unique in simultaneous use of both spatial and temporal quantum information contained in the system which makes it resilient to hardware…
Good quality entropy sources are indispensable in most modern cryptographic protocols. Unfortunately, many currently deployed networked devices do not include them and may be vulnerable to Random Number Generator (RNG) attacks. Since most…
Scientific CMOS (sCMOS) image sensors are a modern alternative to typical CCD detectors and are rapidly gaining popularity in observational astronomy due to their large sizes, low read-out noise, high frame rates, and cheap manufacturing.…
Generating random bit streams is required in various applications, most notably cyber-security. Ensuring high-quality and robust randomness is crucial to mitigate risks associated with predictability and system compromise. True random…
Quantum random number generator harnesses the power of quantum mechanics to generate true random numbers, making it valuable for various scientific applications. However, real-world devices often suffer from imperfections that can undermine…
Deterministic pseudo random number generators (PRNGs) used in generative artificial intelligence (GAI) models produce predictable patterns vulnerable to exploitation by attackers. Conventional defences against the vulnerabilities often come…
Probabilistic computing using random number generators (RNGs) can leverage the inherent stochasticity of nanodevices for system-level benefits. The magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) has been studied as an RNG due to its thermally-driven…
The ultimate random number generators are those certified to be unpredictable -- including to an adversary. The use of simple quantum processes promises to provide numbers that no physical observer could predict but, in practice, unwanted…
Random numbers represent a fundamental ingredient for numerical simulation, games, informa- tion science and secure communication. Algorithmic and deterministic generators are affected by insufficient information entropy. On the other hand,…
Phase-randomized optical homodyne detection is a well-known technique for performing quantum state tomography. So far, it has been mainly considered a sophisticated tool for laboratory experiments but unsuitable for practical applications.…
The emerging magneto-resistive RAM (MRAM) has considerable potential to become a universal memory technology because of its several advantages: unlimited endurance, lower read/write latency, ultralow-power operation, high-density, and CMOS…
High-quality random numbers are very critical to many fields such as cryptography, finance, and scientific simulation, which calls for the design of reliable true random number generators (TRNGs). Limited by entropy source, throughput,…
The optimizations of the track fittings require complex simulations of silicon strip detectors to be compliant with the fundamental properties of the hit heteroscedasticity. Many different generations of random numbers must be available…
Quantum random number generators can provide genuine randomness by appealing to the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics. In general, a physical generator contains two parts---a randomness source and its readout. The source is…