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The particle-in-cell (PIC) method has been widely used for plasma simulation, because of its noise-reduction capability and moderate computational cost. The immersed finite element (IFE) method is efficient for solving interface problems on…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-10-18 Jinwei Bai , Yong Cao , Yuchuan Chu , Xu Zhang

A recent proof-of-principle study proposes an energy- and charge-conserving, nonlinearly implicit electrostatic particle-in-cell (PIC) algorithm in one dimension [Chen et al, J. Comput. Phys., 230 (2011) 7018]. The algorithm in the…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2015-06-17 Guangye Chen , Luis Chacon , Christopher A Leibs , Dana A Knoll , William Taitano

The particle-in-cell (PIC) method is a well-established and widely used kinetic plasma modelling approach that provides a hybrid Lagrangian-Eulerian approach to solve the plasma kinetic equation. Despite its power in capturing details of…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2024-11-11 Maryam Reza , Farbod Faraji , Aaron Knoll

A new Particle-in-Cell (PIC) method, that conserves energy exactly, is presented. The particle equations of motion and the Maxwell's equations are differenced implicitly in time by the midpoint rule and solved concurrently by a…

Computational Physics · Physics 2015-05-30 Stefano Markidis , Giovanni Lapenta

A lot of plasma physics problems are not amenable to exact solutions due to many reasons. It is worth mentioning among them, for example, nonlinearity of the motion equations, variable coefficients or non lineal conditions on known or…

Computational Physics · Physics 2018-12-11 Alex Estupiñán , E. A. Orozco , V. D. Dugar-Zhabon , M. T. Murillo Acevedo

The 3D quasi-static particle-in-cell (PIC) algorithm is a very efficient method for modeling short-pulse laser or relativistic charged particle beam-plasma interactions. In this algorithm, the plasma response to a non-evolving laser or…

Computational Physics · Physics 2021-02-03 Fei Li , Weiming An , Viktor K. Decyk , Xinlu Xu , Mark J. Hogan , Warren B. Mori

First-principles particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation is a powerful tool for understanding plasma behavior, but this power often comes at great computational expense. Artificially reducing the ion/electron mass ratio is a time-honored practice…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2022-01-14 Gregory R. Werner , Scott Robertson , Thomas G. Jenkins , Andrew M. Chap , John R. Cary

An electrostatic, implicit particle-in-cell (PIC) model for collisionless, fully magnetized, paraxial plasma expansions in a magnetic nozzle is introduced with exact charge, energy, and magnetic moment conservation properties. The approach…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2024-05-14 Pedro Jimenez , Luis Chacon , Mario Merino

In order to perform physically faithful particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, the Gauss's law stands as a critical requirement, since its violation often leads to catastrophic errors in long-term plasma simulations. This work proposes a novel…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2025-06-04 Zhonghua Qiao , Zhenli Xu , Qian Yin , Shenggao Zhou

For the self-consistent description of various plasma sources operated in the low-pressure (nonlocal, kinetic) regime, the Particle-In-Cell simulation approach, combined with the Monte Carlo treatment of collision processes (PIC/MCC), has…

A new approach to the kinetic simulation of plasmas in complex geometries, based on the Particle-in- Cell (PIC) simulation method, is explored. In the two dimensional (2d) electrostatic version of our method, called the Arbitrary…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2015-06-03 C. A. Fichtl , J. M. Finn , K. L. Cartwright

Recent development of structure-preserving geometric particle-in-cell (PIC) algorithms for Vlasov-Maxwell systems is summarized. With the arriving of 100 petaflop and exaflop computing power, it is now possible to carry out direct…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2019-06-26 Jianyuan Xiao , Hong Qin , Jian Liu

Two fluid simulations using local Landau-fluid closures derived from linear theory provide an efficient computational framework for plasma modelling, since they bridge the gap between computationally intensive kinetic simulations and fluid…

Coulomb collisions in particle simulations for weakly coupled plasmas are modeled by the Landau-Fokker-Planck equation, which is typically solved by Monte-Carlo (MC) methods. One of the main disadvantages of MC is the timestep accuracy…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-01-03 G. Chen , A. J. Stanier , L. Chacón , S. E. Anderson , B. Philip

This paper formulates a new particle-in-cell method for the Vlasov-Maxwell system. Under the Lorenz gauge condition, Maxwell's equations for the electromagnetic fields can be written as a collection of scalar and vector wave equations. The…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2024-01-18 Andrew J. Christlieb , William A. Sands , Stephen White

We present the formulation, algorithm and numerical tests of the magnetohydrodynamic-particle-in-cell (MHD-PIC) method with particles treated under the guiding center approximation, which we term the MHD-gPIC method, and it is implemented…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-10-20 Zitao Hu , Xue-Ning Bai , Xiaochen Sun

This work describes a new 1D hybrid approach for modeling atmospheric pressure discharges featuring complex chemistry. In this approach electrons are described fully kinetically using Particle-In-Cell/Monte-Carlo (PIC/MCC) scheme, whereas…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2016-01-20 Denis Eremin , Torben Hemke , Thomas Mussenbrock

The Gyrokinetic Toroidal Code at Princeton (GTC-P) is a highly scalable and portable particle-in-cell (PIC) code. It solves the 5D Vlasov-Poisson equation featuring efficient utilization of modern parallel computer architectures at the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2015-10-20 Bei Wang , Stephane Ethier , William Tang , Khaled Ibrahim , Kamesh Madduri , Samuel Williams , Leonid Oliker

We formulate a magnetohydrodynamic-particle-in-cell (MHD-PIC) method for describing the interaction between collisionless cosmic ray (CR) particles and a thermal plasma. The thermal plasma is treated as a fluid, obeying equations of ideal…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-08-19 Xue-Ning Bai , Damiano Caprioli , Lorenzo Sironi , Anatoly Spitkovsky

We formulate and test a hybrid fluid-Monte Carlo scheme for the treatment of elastic collisions in gases and plasmas. While our primary focus and demonstrations of applicability are for moderately collisional plasmas, as described by the…

Computational Physics · Physics 2015-06-12 L. F. Ricketson , M. S. Rosin , R. E. Caflisch , Andris M. Dimits