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There are pressing problems with traditional computing, especially for accomplishing data-intensive and real-time tasks, that motivate the development of in-memory computing devices to both store information and perform computation.…

Domain-wall memory (DWM) has SRAM class access performance, low energy, high endurance, high density, and CMOS compatibility. Recently, shift reliability and processing-using-memory (PuM) proposals developed a need to count the number of…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-05-26 Prayash Dutta , Albert Lee , Kang L. Wang , Alex K. Jones , Sanjukta Bhanja

Machine learning implements backpropagation via abundant training samples. We demonstrate a multi-stage learning system realized by a promising non-volatile memory device, the domain-wall magnetic tunnel junction (DW-MTJ). The system…

The domain wall-magnetic tunnel junction (DW-MTJ) is a versatile device that can simultaneously store data and perform computations. These three-terminal devices are promising for digital logic due to their nonvolatility, low-energy…

We propose a new type of multi-bit and energy-efficient magnetic memory based on current-driven, field-free, and highly controlled domain wall motion. A meandering domain wall channel with precisely interspersed pinning regions provides the…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Pengxiang Zhang , Wilfried Haensch , Charudatta M. Phatak , Supratik Guha

Serial connection of multiple memory cells using perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions (pMTJ) is proposed as a way to increase magnetic random access memory (MRAM) storage density. Multi-bit storage element is designed using pMTJs…

Applied Physics · Physics 2019-07-24 Piotr Rzeszut , Witold Skowroński , Sławomir Ziętek , Jerzy Wrona , Tomasz Stobiecki

Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) and Phase Change Memory (PCM) devices have been popularly used as synapses in crossbar array based analog Neural Network (NN) circuit to achieve more energy and time efficient data classification…

Applied Physics · Physics 2019-10-30 Divya Kaushik , Utkarsh Singh , Upasana Sahu , Indu Sreedevi , Debanjan Bhowmik

In-memory computing (IMC) is an effectual solution for energy-efficient artificial intelligence applications. Analog IMC amortizes the power consumption of multiple sensing amplifiers with analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2021-10-11 Hao Cai , Yanan Guo , Bo Liu , Mingyang Zhou , Juntong Chen , Xinning Liu , Jun Yang

Analog computing has been recognized as a promising low-power alternative to digital counterparts for neural network acceleration. However, conventional analog computing is mainly in a mixed-signal manner. Tedious analog/digital (A/D)…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-08-18 Hanqing Zhu , Keren Zhu , Jiaqi Gu , Harrison Jin , Ray Chen , Jean Anne Incorvia , David Z. Pan

Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) are the key building blocks of high-performance spintronic devices. While conventional MTJs rely on ferromagnetic (FM) materials, employing antiferromagnetic (AFM) compounds can significantly increase…

Antiferromagnetic Tunnel Junctions (AFMTJs) offer picosecond switching and high integration density for in-memory computing, but their ultrafast dynamics and low tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) make state-of-the-art MRAM interfaces…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Yousuf Choudhary , Tosiron Adegbija

The spatiotemporal nature of neuronal behavior in spiking neural networks (SNNs) make SNNs promising for edge applications that require high energy efficiency. To realize SNNs in hardware, spintronic neuron implementations can bring…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Thomas Leonard , Samuel Liu , Harrison Jin , Jean Anne C. Incorvia

Emerging non-volatile memories (NVMs) have currently attracted great interest for their potential applications in advanced low-power information storage and processing technologies. Conventional NVMs, such as magnetic random access memory…

Conventional computing paradigm struggles to fulfill the rapidly growing demands from emerging applications, especially those for machine intelligence, because much of the power and energy is consumed by constant data transfers between…

Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) are basic building blocks for devices such as magnetic random access memories (MRAMs). The relevance for modern computation of non-volatile high-frequency memories makes ac-transport measurements of MTJs…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2017-02-08 Subir Parui , Mário Ribeiro , Ainhoa Atxabal , Amilcar Bedoya-Pinto , Xiangnan Sun , Roger Llopis , Fèlix Casanova , Luis E. Hueso

Analog Content Addressable Memories (aCAMs) have proven useful for associative in-memory computing applications like Decision Trees, Finite State Machines, and Hyper-dimensional Computing. While non-volatile implementations using FeFETs and…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Paul-Philipp Manea , Nathan Leroux , Emre Neftci , John Paul Strachan

Magnetic tunnel junctions are nanoscale devices which have recently attracted interested in the context of frequency multiplexed spintronic neural networks, due to their interesting dynamical properties, which are defined during the…

Applied Physics · Physics 2024-08-29 Maksim Stebliy , Alex S. Jenkins , Luana Benetti , Elvira Paz , Ricardo Ferreira

Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ) have been successfully applied in various sensing application and digital information storage technologies. Currently, a number of new potential applications of MTJs are being actively studied, including…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Piotr Rzeszut , Jakub Chęciński , Ireneusz Brzozowski , Sławomir Ziętek , Witold Skowroński , Tomasz Stobiecki

We propose spin transfer torque--magnetoresistive random access memory (STT-MRAM) based on magneto-resistance and spin transfer torque physics of band-pass spin filtering. Utilizing the electronic analogs of optical phenomena such as…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-08-20 Abhishek Sharma , Ashwin Tulapurkar , Bhaskaran Muralidharan

We have fabricated nanoscale magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with an additional fixed magnetic layer added above the magnetic free layer of a standard MTJ structure. This acts as a second source of spin-polarized electrons that, depending…

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