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We analyse a multilevel Monte Carlo method for the approximation of distribution functions of univariate random variables. Since, by assumption, the target distribution is not known explicitly, approximations have to be used. We provide an…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-06-22 Mike B. Giles , Tigran Nagapetyan , Klaus Ritter

With origins in game theory, probabilistic values like Shapley values, Banzhaf values, and semi-values have emerged as a central tool in explainable AI. They are used for feature attribution, data attribution, data valuation, and more.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-14 R. Teal Witter , Yurong Liu , Christopher Musco

We propose and study an asymptotically optimal Monte Carlo estimator for steady-state expectations of a d-dimensional reflected Brownian motion. Our estimator is asymptotically optimal in the sense that it requires $\tilde{O}(d)$ (up to…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-01-29 Jose Blanchet , Xinyun Chen , Peter Glynn , Nian Si

We introduce a general Monte Carlo method based on Nested Sampling (NS), for sampling complex probability distributions and estimating the normalising constant. The method uses one or more particles, which explore a mixture of nested…

Computation · Statistics 2012-02-27 Brendon J. Brewer , Livia B. Pártay , Gábor Csányi

The Multilevel Monte Carlo method is an efficient variance reduction technique. It uses a sequence of coarse approximations to reduce the computational cost in uncertainty quantification applications. The method is nowadays often considered…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2018-06-15 Pieterjan Robbe , Dirk Nuyens , Stefan Vandewalle

In applications of imprecise probability, analysts must compute lower (or upper) expectations, defined as the infimum of an expectation over a set of parameter values. Monte Carlo methods consistently approximate expectations at fixed…

Computation · Statistics 2021-03-05 Nicholas Syring , Ryan Martin

We introduce and analyze a parallel sequential Monte Carlo methodology for the numerical solution of optimization problems that involve the minimization of a cost function that consists of the sum of many individual components. The proposed…

Computation · Statistics 2022-01-04 Ömer Deniz Akyildiz , Dan Crisan , Joaquín Míguez

In this article we present and analyse new multilevel adaptations of stochastic approximation algorithms for the computation of a zero of a function $f\colon D \to \mathbb R^d$ defined on a convex domain $D\subset \mathbb R^d$, which is…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-05-04 Steffen Dereich , Thomas Mueller-Gronbach

We introduce a new class of sequential Monte Carlo methods which reformulates the essence of the nested sampling method of Skilling (2006) in terms of sequential Monte Carlo techniques. Two new algorithms are proposed, nested sampling via…

In this paper, we propose a new stochastic optimization algorithm for Bayesian inference based on multilevel Monte Carlo (MLMC) methods. In Bayesian statistics, biased estimators of the model evidence have been often used as stochastic…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-02-26 Kei Ishikawa , Takashi Goda

This paper addresses optimization problems constrained by partial differential equations with uncertain coefficients. In particular, the robust control problem and the average control problem are considered for a tracking type cost…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-11-08 Andreas Van Barel , Stefan Vandewalle

This article considers the sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) approximation of ratios of normalizing constants associated to posterior distributions which in principle rely on continuum models. Therefore, the Monte Carlo estimation error and the…

Computation · Statistics 2016-03-04 Pierre Del Moral , Ajay Jasra , Kody Law , Yan Zhou

We introduce a Monte Carlo Virtual Element estimator based on Virtual Element discretizations for stochastic elliptic partial differential equations with random diffusion coefficients. We prove estimates for the statistical approximation…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-16 Paola F. Antonietti , Francesca Bonizzoni , Ilaria Perugia , Marco Verani

We propose a randomized a posteriori error estimator for reduced order approximations of parametrized (partial) differential equations. The error estimator has several important properties: the effectivity is close to unity with prescribed…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-04-02 Kathrin Smetana , Olivier Zahm , Anthony T Patera

We describe an embarrassingly parallel, anytime Monte Carlo method for likelihood-free models. The algorithm starts with the view that the stochasticity of the pseudo-samples generated by the simulator can be controlled externally by a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-12-03 Edward Meeds , Max Welling

Monte Carlo methods represent the "de facto" standard for approximating complicated integrals involving multidimensional target distributions. In order to generate random realizations from the target distribution, Monte Carlo techniques use…

Computation · Statistics 2022-01-21 L. Martino , V. Elvira , D. Luengo , J. Corander

Nested integration of the form $\int f\left(\int g(\bs{y},\bs{x})\di{}\bs{x}\right)\di{}\bs{y}$, characterized by an outer integral connected to an inner integral through a nonlinear function $f$, is a challenging problem in various fields,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-19 Arved Bartuska , André Gustavo Carlon , Luis Espath , Sebastian Krumscheid , Raúl Tempone

I consider the problem of integrating a function $f$ over the $d$-dimensional unit cube. I describe a multilevel Monte Carlo method that estimates the integral with variance at most $\epsilon^{2}$ in $O(d+\ln(d)d_{t}\epsilon^{-2})$ time,…

Computation · Statistics 2022-09-21 Nabil Kahalé

We present an efficient and exact Monte Carlo algorithm to simulate reversible aggregation of particles with dedicated binding sites. This method introduces a novel data structure of dynamic bond tree to record clusters and sequences of…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2011-09-27 Qiang Chang , Jin Yang

We present a high-performance budgeted multi-level Monte Carlo method for estimates on the entire spatial domain of multi-PDE problems with random input data. The method is designed to operate optimally within memory and CPU-time…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-06-10 Niklas Baumgarten , Robert Kutri , Robert Scheichl