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Extremes play a special role in Anomaly Detection. Beyond inference and simulation purposes, probabilistic tools borrowed from Extreme Value Theory (EVT), such as the angular measure, can also be used to design novel statistical learning…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-04-01 Nicolas Goix , Anne Sabourin , Stéphan Clémençon

Extreme value theory (EVT) provides an elegant mathematical tool for the statistical analysis of rare events. When data are collected from multiple population subgroups, because some subgroups may have less data available for extreme value…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-10-22 Koki Momoki , Takuma Yoshida

We offer a survey of recent results on covariance estimation for heavy-tailed distributions. By unifying ideas scattered in the literature, we propose user-friendly methods that facilitate practical implementation. Specifically, we…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-03-12 Yuan Ke , Stanislav Minsker , Zhao Ren , Qiang Sun , Wen-Xin Zhou

Estimating the probability of rare channel conditions is a central challenge in ultra-reliable wireless communication, where random events, such as deep fades, can cause sudden variations in the channel quality. This paper proposes a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-08 Tobias Kallehauge , Anders E. Kalør , Pablo Ramírez-Espinosa , Christophe Biscio , Petar Popovski

We examine statistical pictures of violent conflicts over the last 2000 years, finding techniques for dealing with incompleteness and unreliability of historical data. We introduce a novel approach to apply extreme value theory to…

Applications · Statistics 2016-09-05 Pasquale Cirillo , Nassim Nicholas Taleb

Data-driven software is increasingly being used as a critical component of automated decision-support systems. Since this class of software learns its logic from historical data, it can encode or amplify discriminatory practices. Previous…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Verya Monjezi , Ashutosh Trivedi , Vladik Kreinovich , Saeid Tizpaz-Niari

Extreme value theory (EVT) is well suited to model extreme events, such as floods, heatwaves, or mechanical failures, which is required for reliability assessment of systems across multiple domains for risk management and loss prevention.…

Applications · Statistics 2025-10-15 Shehzaib Irfan , Nabeel Ahmad , Alexander Vinel , Daniel F. Silva , Shuai Shao , Nima Shamsaei , Jia Liu

Since the extreme value index (EVI) controls the tail behaviour of the distribution function, the estimation of EVI is a very important topic in extreme value theory. Recent developments in the estimation of EVI along with covariates have…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-08-21 Takuma Yoshida

This paper aims to more effectively manage and mitigate stock market risks by accurately characterizing financial market returns and volatility. We enhance the Stochastic Volatility (SV) model by incorporating fat-tailed distributions and…

Applications · Statistics 2024-12-31 Minheng Xiao

Forecasting rare events in multivariate time-series data is challenging due to severe class imbalance, long-range dependencies, and distributional uncertainty. We introduce EVEREST, a transformer-based architecture for probabilistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Antanas Zilinskas , Robert N. Shorten , Jakub Marecek

Climate extremes such as floods, storms, and heatwaves have caused severe economic and human losses across Europe in recent decades. To support the European Union's climate resilience efforts, we propose a statistical framework for…

Applications · Statistics 2025-05-26 Carlotta Pacifici , Simone A. Padoan , Jaroslav Mysiak

Economically responsible mitigation of multivariate extreme risks-such as extreme rainfall over large areas, large simultaneous variations in many stock prices, or widespread breakdowns in transportation systems-requires assessing the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-13 Stéphane Lhaut , Holger Rootzén , Johan Segers

Models for extreme values accommodating non-stationarity have been amply studied and evaluated from a parametric perspective. Whilst these models are flexible, in the sense that many parametrizations can be explored, they assume an…

Applications · Statistics 2022-02-16 Evandro Konzen , Claudia Neves , Philip Jonathan

Risk-sensitive reinforcement learning (RL) has garnered significant attention in recent years due to the growing interest in deploying RL agents in real-world scenarios. A critical aspect of risk awareness involves modeling highly rare risk…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Karthik Somayaji NS , Yu Wang , Malachi Schram , Jan Drgona , Mahantesh Halappanavar , Frank Liu , Peng Li

Interference prediction that accounts for extreme and rare events remains a key challenge for ultra-densely deployed sub-networks (SNs) requiring hyper-reliable low-latency communication (HRLLC), particularly under dynamic mobility, rapidly…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-22 Pramesh Gautam , Sushmita Sapkota , Carsten Bockelmann , Shashi Raj Pandey , Armin Dekorsy

Ensuring safety is a critical challenge in applying Reinforcement Learning (RL) to real-world scenarios. Constrained Reinforcement Learning (CRL) addresses this by maximizing returns under predefined constraints, typically formulated as the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Shiqing Gao , Yihang Zhou , Shuai Shao , Haoyu Luo , Yiheng Bing , Jiaxin Ding , Luoyi Fu , Xinbing Wang

This paper investigates the use of extreme value theory for modelling the distribution of demand-net-of-wind for capacity adequacy assessment. Extreme value theory approaches are well-established and mathematically justified methods for…

Applications · Statistics 2019-07-31 Amy L Wilson , Stan Zachary

Extreme events and the heavy tail distributions driven by them are ubiquitous in various scientific, engineering and financial research. They are typically associated with stochastic instability caused by hidden unresolved processes.…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-05-22 Andrew J. Majda , Xin T. Tong

The EVA 2023 data competition consisted of four challenges, ranging from interval estimation for very high quantiles of univariate extremes conditional on covariates, point estimation of unconditional return levels under a custom loss…

Applications · Statistics 2023-12-22 Léo R. Belzile , Arnab Hazra , Rishikesh Yadav

Estimating the probabilistic Worst-Case Execution Time (pWCET) is essential for ensuring the timing correctness of real-time applications, such as in robot IoT systems and autonomous driving systems. While methods based on Extreme Value…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-18 Hayate Toba , Atsushi Yano , Takuya Azumi