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Deep reinforcement learning has made significant progress in the field of continuous control, such as physical control and autonomous driving. However, it is challenging for a reinforcement model to learn a policy for each task sequentially…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-24 Fengda Zhu , Xiaojun Chang , Runhao Zeng , Mingkui Tan

Continual learning refers to the ability of a biological or artificial system to seamlessly learn from continuous streams of information while preventing catastrophic forgetting, i.e., a condition in which new incoming information strongly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-04 German I. Parisi , Christopher Kanan

As more and more AI agents are used in practice, it is time to think about how to make these agents fully autonomous so that they can (1) learn by themselves continually in a self-motivated and self-initiated manner rather than being…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-21 Bing Liu , Sahisnu Mazumder , Eric Robertson , Scott Grigsby

While foundation AI models excel at tasks like classification and decision-making, their high energy consumption makes them unsuitable for energy-constrained applications. Inspired by the brain's efficiency, spiking neural networks (SNNs)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Orestis Konstantaropoulos , Theodoris Mallios , Maria Papadopouli

Humans excel at continually acquiring, consolidating, and retaining information from an ever-changing environment, whereas artificial neural networks (ANNs) exhibit catastrophic forgetting. There are considerable differences in the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-04-17 Fahad Sarfraz , Elahe Arani , Bahram Zonooz

The enactive approach to cognition is typically proposed as a viable alternative to traditional cognitive science. Enactive cognition displaces the explanatory focus from the internal representations of the agent to the direct sensorimotor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-11 Rafik Hadfi

Metacognition, defined as the awareness and regulation of one's cognitive processes, is central to human adaptability in unknown situations. In contrast, current autonomous agents often struggle in novel environments due to their limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Rodolfo Valiente , Praveen K. Pilly

Continuous, adaptive learning, the ability to adapt to the environment and keep improving performance, is a hallmark of natural intelligence. Biological organisms excel in acquiring, transferring, and retaining knowledge while adapting to…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-03-03 Jie Mei , Alejandro Rodriguez-Garcia , Daigo Takeuchi , Gabriel Wainstein , Nina Hubig , Yalda Mohsenzadeh , Srikanth Ramaswamy

Lifelong deep learning (LDL) trains neural networks to learn sequentially across tasks while preserving prior knowledge. We propose Task-Aware Multi-Expert (TAME), a continual learning algorithm that leverages task similarity to guide…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Jianyu Wang , Jacob Nean-Hua Sheikh , Cat P. Le , Hoda Bidkhori

Continual learning tries to learn new tasks without forgetting previously learned ones. In reality, most of the existing artificial neural network(ANN) models fail, while humans do the same by remembering previous works throughout their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Subhankar Ghosh

This work explores learning agent-agnostic synthetic environments (SEs) for Reinforcement Learning. SEs act as a proxy for target environments and allow agents to be trained more efficiently than when directly trained on the target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Fabio Ferreira , Thomas Nierhoff , Frank Hutter

Replay is a powerful strategy to promote learning in artificial intelligence and the brain. However, the conditions to generate it and its functional advantages have not been fully recognized. In this study, we develop a modular…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-08 Jiyi Wang , Likai Tang , Huimiao Chen , Marcelo G Mattar , Sen Song

The rapid development and adoption of Generative AI (GAI) technology in the form of chatbots such as ChatGPT and Claude has greatly increased interest in agentic machines. This paper introduces the Autonomous Cognitive Entity (ACE) model, a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-11-02 David Shapiro , Wangfan Li , Manuel Delaflor , Carlos Toxtli

The performance of deep neural networks improves with more annotated data. The problem is that the budget for annotation is limited. One solution to this is active learning, where a model asks human to annotate data that it perceived as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-10 Donggeun Yoo , In So Kweon

We propose a model for demonstrating spontaneous emergence of collective intelligent behavior from selfish individual agents. Agents' behavior is modeled using our proposed selfish algorithm ($SA$) with three learning mechanisms: reinforced…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2020-01-06 Korosh Mahmoodi , Bruce J. West , Cleotilde Gonzalez

Large language model (LLM) based agents are increasingly used to tackle software engineering tasks that require multi-step reasoning and code modification, demonstrating promising yet limited performance. However, most existing LLM agents…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Hiroaki Hayashi , Bo Pang , Wenting Zhao , Ye Liu , Akash Gokul , Srijan Bansal , Caiming Xiong , Semih Yavuz , Yingbo Zhou

Large Language Models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across diverse domains, yet significant challenges persist when deploying them as AI agents for real-world long-horizon tasks. Existing LLM agents suffer from a critical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Cheng Yang , Xuemeng Yang , Licheng Wen , Daocheng Fu , Jianbiao Mei , Rong Wu , Pinlong Cai , Yufan Shen , Nianchen Deng , Botian Shi , Yu Qiao , Haifeng Li

In recent years several architectures have been proposed to learn embodied agents complex self-awareness models. In this paper, dynamic incremental self-awareness (SA) models are proposed that allow experiences done by an agent to be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-06-12 Mahdyar Ravanbakhsh , Mohamad Baydoun , Damian Campo , Pablo Marin , David Martin , Lucio Marcenaro , Carlo S. Regazzoni

Real-world artificial intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly required to operate autonomously in dynamic, uncertain, and continuously changing environments. However, most existing AI models rely on predefined objectives, static training…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Hong Su

Neuroevolution has greatly promoted Deep Neural Network (DNN) architecture design and its applications, while there is a lack of methods available across different DNN types concerning both their scale and performance. In this study, we…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Zhenhao Shuai , Hongbo Liu , Zhaolin Wan , Wei-Jie Yu , Jun Zhang