Related papers: No Proca Photons
Using the Pauli-Villars regularization and arguments from convex analysis, we construct solutions to the classical time-independent Maxwell equations in Dirac's vacuum, in the presence of small external electromagnetic sources. The vacuum…
It is shown that the potential of Keesom which depends on temperature cannot be used for calculate the second virial coefficient of polar molecules and the formulae for second virial coefficient of [2] have no molecular statistical…
The Einstein-Proca equations, describing a spin-1 massive vector field in general relativity, are studied in the static, spherically-symmetric case. The Proca field equation is a highly nonlinear wave equation, but can be solved to good…
We investigate the experimental limits of validity of the Stokes-Einstein equation. There is an important difference between diffusion and self-diffusion. There are experimental evidences, that in the case of self-diffusion the product D /T…
We consider the Proca equation which is the Maxwell equation of electromagnetism for a massive particle, in the ultra relativistic limit using Snyder-Sidharth Hamiltonian. There is now an extra parity non-conserving term and we investigate…
In spatially uniform, but time-dependent dielectric media with equal electric and magnetic response, classical electromagnetic waves propagate exactly like in empty, flat space with transformed time, called conformal time, and so do quantum…
Constructing a relativistic quantum mechanics (RQM) for a massive photon, without appealing to the quantum field theoretical approach such as the massive Proca model, we find a new theoretical particle solution which allows the massive…
We construct an explicit covariant Majorana formulation of Maxwell electromagnetism which does not make use of vector 4-potential. This allows to write a ``Dirac'' equation for the photon containing all the known properties of it. In…
A critique on the interpretation of the double prism experiment on the evanescent microwave modes (arXiv:0708.0681) is presented. It is argued that these experiments do not give any evidence of superluminal photons. A physical mechanism…
Photons in vacuum are transverse in any inertial frame; longitudinal photons only exist virtually. By developing a manifestly covariant theory for electromagnetic excitations in relativistic plasmas and applying Wigner's little group method…
Some issues of the cosmological constant or dark energy are briefly reviewed. There are an increasing number of observations that constrain the equation of state of dark energy more stringently and favor the time-independent cosmological…
Let us abandon for a moment the strict epistemological standpoint of quantum field theory, that eventually comes to declare nonsensical any question about the photon posed outside the quantum theoretical framework. We can then avail of the…
We study the degrees of freedom of the Proca theory, non-minimally coupled to gravity. In the Minkowski background, this theory propagates five degrees of freedom -- a massive longitudinal mode, two massive vector ones, and two massless…
We have recently shown that both passive and active gravitational masses of a composite body are not equivalent to its energy due to some quantum effects. We have also suggested an idealized and more realistic experiments to detect the…
A weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) weighing only a few GeV has been invoked as an explanation for the signal from the DAMA/LIBRA experiment. We show that the data from DAMA/LIBRA are now powerful enough to strongly constrain the…
A recent article claims to measure the speed of quantum particles in the classically forbidden regime where the energy of the particles is lower than the local potential, and further claims that the results of this experiment challenge…
This article is a sequel to our previous paper (arXiv:2511.12311), where we considered the conceptual problem on the empirical laws for the Klein\textendash Gordon quantum field theory in curved spacetime (QFTCS), and we will consider the…
We extend previous analyses of the violation of Lorentz invariance induced in a non-critical string model of quantum space-time foam, discussing the propagation of low-energy particles through a distribution of non-relativistic…
In this paper, we study the relationship between the Dirac--Fock model and the electron-positron Hartree--Fock model. We justify the Dirac--Fock model as a variational approximation of QED when the vacuum polarization is neglected and when…
The Proca wave equation describes a classical massive spin 1 particle. We analyze the gravitational interaction of this vector field. In particular, the spherically symmetric solutions of the Einstein-Proca coupled system are obtained…