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Related papers: Mind the Retrosynthesis Gap: Bridging the divide b…

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Retrosynthesis consists of breaking down a chemical compound recursively step-by-step into molecular precursors until a set of commercially available molecules is found with the goal to provide a synthesis route. Its two primary research…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Paula Torren-Peraire , Alan Kai Hassen , Samuel Genheden , Jonas Verhoeven , Djork-Arne Clevert , Mike Preuss , Igor Tetko

From medicines to materials, small organic molecules are indispensable for human well-being. To plan their syntheses, chemists employ a problem solving technique called retrosynthesis. In retrosynthesis, target molecules are recursively…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-04-17 Marwin H. S. Segler , Mike Preuss , Mark P. Waller

Retrosynthesis planning is a fundamental challenge in chemistry which aims at designing reaction pathways from commercially available starting materials to a target molecule. Each step in multi-step retrosynthesis planning requires accurate…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-03-27 Ilia Igashov , Arne Schneuing , Marwin Segler , Michael Bronstein , Bruno Correia

Retrosynthesis, the process of breaking down a target molecule into simpler precursors through a series of valid reactions, stands at the core of organic chemistry and drug development. Although recent machine learning (ML) research has…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Haorui Wang , Jeff Guo , Lingkai Kong , Rampi Ramprasad , Philippe Schwaller , Yuanqi Du , Chao Zhang

The identification of synthetic routes that end with a desired product has been an inherently time-consuming process that is largely dependent on expert knowledge regarding a limited fraction of the entire reaction space. At present,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-17 Zhongliang Guo , Stephen Wu , Mitsuru Ohno , Ryo Yoshida

Retrosynthesis is a technique to plan the chemical synthesis of organic molecules, for example drugs, agro- and fine chemicals. In retrosynthesis, a search tree is built by analysing molecules recursively and dissecting them into simpler…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-02-02 Marwin Segler , Mike Preuß , Mark P. Waller

Retrosynthesis is essential for designing synthetic pathways for complex molecules and can be revolutionized by AI to automate and accelerate chemical synthesis planning for drug discovery and materials science. Here, we propose a…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-12-02 Seongeun Yun , Won Bo Lee

Retrosynthesis, which aims to identify viable synthetic pathways for target molecules by decomposing them into simpler precursors, is often treated as a search problem. However, its complexity arises from multi-branched tree-structured…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Chengyang Tian , Yuhang Chang , Yangpeng Zhang , Yang Liu

Retrosynthesis is the process of recursively decomposing target molecules into available building blocks. It plays an important role in solving problems in organic synthesis planning. To automate or assist in the retrosynthesis analysis,…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2020-11-06 Chaochao Yan , Qianggang Ding , Peilin Zhao , Shuangjia Zheng , Jinyu Yang , Yang Yu , Junzhou Huang

Single-step retrosynthesis aims to predict a set of reactions that lead to the creation of a target molecule, which is a crucial task in molecular discovery. Although a target molecule can often be synthesized with multiple different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Piotr Gaiński , Michał Koziarski , Krzysztof Maziarz , Marwin Segler , Jacek Tabor , Marek Śmieja

Retrosynthetic planning, which aims to find a reaction pathway to synthesize a target molecule, plays an important role in chemistry and drug discovery. This task is usually modeled as a search problem. Recently, data-driven methods have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Shufang Xie , Rui Yan , Peng Han , Yingce Xia , Lijun Wu , Chenjuan Guo , Bin Yang , Tao Qin

We present an extension of our Molecular Transformer architecture combined with a hyper-graph exploration strategy for automatic retrosynthesis route planning without human intervention. The single-step retrosynthetic model sets a new state…

Automated Synthesis Planning has recently re-emerged as a research area at the intersection of chemistry and machine learning. Despite the appearance of steady progress, we argue that imperfect benchmarks and inconsistent comparisons mask…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Krzysztof Maziarz , Austin Tripp , Guoqing Liu , Megan Stanley , Shufang Xie , Piotr Gaiński , Philipp Seidl , Marwin Segler

The field of computer-aided synthesis planning (CASP) has seen rapid advancements in recent years, achieving significant progress across various algorithmic benchmarks. However, chemists often encounter numerous infeasible reactions when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Shang Xiang , Lin Yao , Zhen Wang , Qifan Yu , Wentan Liu , Wentao Guo , Guolin Ke

Retrosynthetic planning is a critical task in organic chemistry which identifies a series of reactions that can lead to the synthesis of a target product. The vast number of possible chemical transformations makes the size of the search…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Binghong Chen , Chengtao Li , Hanjun Dai , Le Song

Retrosynthetic planning aims to devise a complete multi-step synthetic route from starting materials to a target molecule. Current strategies use a decoupled approach of single-step retrosynthesis models and search algorithms, taking only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Songtao Liu , Zhengkai Tu , Minkai Xu , Zuobai Zhang , Lu Lin , Rex Ying , Jian Tang , Peilin Zhao , Dinghao Wu

Retrosynthesis prediction is a fundamental problem in organic synthesis, where the task is to identify precursor molecules that can be used to synthesize a target molecule. A key consideration in building neural models for this task is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-07 Vignesh Ram Somnath , Charlotte Bunne , Connor W. Coley , Andreas Krause , Regina Barzilay

In retrosynthetic planning, the huge number of possible routes to synthesize a complex molecule using simple building blocks leads to a combinatorial explosion of possibilities. Even experienced chemists often have difficulty to select the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Siqi Hong , Hankz Hankui Zhuo , Kebing Jin , Guang Shao , Zhanwen Zhou

Recent progress has expanded the use of large language models (LLMs) in drug discovery, including synthesis planning. However, objective evaluation of retrosynthesis performance remains limited. Existing benchmarks and metrics typically…

Retrosynthesis involves determining a sequence of reactions to synthesize complex molecules from simpler precursors. As this poses a challenge in organic chemistry, machine learning has offered solutions, particularly for predicting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Mikołaj Sacha , Michał Sadowski , Piotr Kozakowski , Ruard van Workum , Stanisław Jastrzębski
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