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Advances in medical imaging and deep learning have propelled progress in whole slide image (WSI) analysis, with multiple instance learning (MIL) showing promise for efficient and accurate diagnostics. However, conventional MIL models often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Xianrui Li , Yufei Cui , Jun Li , Antoni B. Chan

Whole Slide Image (WSI) classification remains a challenge due to their extremely high resolution and the absence of fine-grained labels. Presently, WSI classification is usually regarded as a Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) problem when…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Hongyi Wang , Luyang Luo , Fang Wang , Ruofeng Tong , Yen-Wei Chen , Hongjie Hu , Lanfen Lin , Hao Chen

In this paper, we develop a new weakly-supervised learning algorithm to learn to segment cancerous regions in histopathology images. Our work is under a multiple instance learning framework (MIL) with a new formulation, deep weak…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-08-30 Zhipeng Jia , Xingyi Huang , Eric I-Chao Chang , Yan Xu

Whole Slide Images (WSIs) are typically analyzed using multiple instance learning (MIL) methods. However, the scale and heterogeneity of WSIs generate highly redundant and dispersed information, making it difficult to identify and integrate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Yueting Zhu , Yuehao Song , Shuai Zhang , Wenyu Liu , Xinggang Wang

High-quality Late Gadolinium Enhancement (LGE) MRI can be helpful for atrial fibrillation management, yet scan quality is frequently compromised by patient motion, irregular breathing, and suboptimal image acquisition timing. While Multiple…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 K M Arefeen Sultan , Kaysen Hansen , Benjamin Orkild , Alan Morris , Eugene Kholmovski , Erik Bieging , Eugene Kwan , Ravi Ranjan , Ed DiBella , Shireen Elhabian

Whole Slide Images (WSIs) are high-resolution digital scans widely used in medical diagnostics. WSI classification is typically approached using Multiple Instance Learning (MIL), where the slide is partitioned into tiles treated as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Sharon Peled , Yosef E. Maruvka , Moti Freiman

Whole slide images (WSIs) are the gold standard for pathological diagnosis and sub-typing. Current main-stream two-step frameworks employ offline feature encoders trained without domain-specific knowledge. Among them, attention-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Mingrui Ma , Chentao Li , Pan Huang , Jing Qin

Histopathology whole slide images (WSIs) play a very important role in clinical studies and serve as the gold standard for many cancer diagnoses. However, generating automatic tools for processing WSIs is challenging due to their enormous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-28 Jingwei Zhang , Xin Zhang , Ke Ma , Rajarsi Gupta , Joel Saltz , Maria Vakalopoulou , Dimitris Samaras

Whole-slide images (WSIs) are an important data modality in computational pathology, yet their gigapixel resolution and lack of fine-grained annotations challenge conventional deep learning models. Multiple instance learning (MIL) offers a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Qian Zeng , Yihui Wang , Shu Yang , Yingxue Xu , Fengtao Zhou , Jiabo Ma , Dejia Cai , Zhengyu Zhang , Lijuan Qu , Yu Wang , Li Liang , Hao Chen

Whole-slide image classification represents a key challenge in computational pathology and medicine. Attention-based multiple instance learning (MIL) has emerged as an effective approach for this problem. However, the effect of attention…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-03-14 Rajiv Krishnakumar , Julien Baglio , Frederik F. Flöther , Christian Ruiz , Stefan Habringer , Nicole H. Romano

Supervised learning tasks such as cancer survival prediction from gigapixel whole slide images (WSIs) are a critical challenge in computational pathology that requires modeling complex features of the tumor microenvironment. These learning…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-22 Iain Carmichael , Andrew H. Song , Richard J. Chen , Drew F. K. Williamson , Tiffany Y. Chen , Faisal Mahmood

Histomorphology is crucial in cancer diagnosis. However, existing whole slide image (WSI) classification methods struggle to effectively incorporate histomorphology information, limiting their ability to capture key pathological features.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Baizhi Wang , Rui Yan , Wenxin Ma , Xu Zhang , Yuhao Wang , Xiaolong Li , Yunjie Gu , Zihang Jiang , S. Kevin Zhou

Multiple instance learning (MIL) is a key algorithm for classification of whole slide images (WSI). Histology WSIs can have billions of pixels, which create enormous computational and annotation challenges. Typically, such images are…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-03 Andriy Myronenko , Ziyue Xu , Dong Yang , Holger Roth , Daguang Xu

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) has garnered widespread attention in the field of Whole Slide Image (WSI) classification as it replaces pixel-level manual annotation with diagnostic reports as labels, significantly reducing labor costs.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-08 Tianhang Nan , Hao Quan , Yong Ding , Xingyu Li , Kai Yang , Xiaoyu Cui

Multiple Instance learning (MIL) models have been extensively used in pathology to predict biomarkers and risk-stratify patients from gigapixel-sized images. Machine learning problems in medical imaging often deal with rare diseases, making…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Dinkar Juyal , Siddhant Shingi , Syed Ashar Javed , Harshith Padigela , Chintan Shah , Anand Sampat , Archit Khosla , John Abel , Amaro Taylor-Weiner

Due to its superior efficiency in utilizing annotations and addressing gigapixel-sized images, multiple instance learning (MIL) has shown great promise as a framework for whole slide image (WSI) classification in digital pathology…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2023-07-14 Qiehe Sun , Jiawen Li , Jin Xu , Junru Cheng , Tian Guan , Yonghong He

In the field of computational histopathology, both whole slide images (WSIs) and diagnostic captions provide valuable insights for making diagnostic decisions. However, aligning WSIs with diagnostic captions presents a significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Qifeng Zhou , Wenliang Zhong , Yuzhi Guo , Michael Xiao , Hehuan Ma , Junzhou Huang

Whole Slide Image (WSI) analysis is a powerful method to facilitate the diagnosis of cancer in tissue samples. Automating this diagnosis poses various issues, most notably caused by the immense image resolution and limited annotations. WSIs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-19 Ahmet Gokberk Gul , Oezdemir Cetin , Christoph Reich , Tim Prangemeier , Nadine Flinner , Heinz Koeppl

Whole slide image (WSI) classification is a critical task in computational pathology, requiring the processing of gigapixel-sized images, which is challenging for current deep-learning methods. Current state of the art methods are based on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Jingwei Zhang , Saarthak Kapse , Ke Ma , Prateek Prasanna , Joel Saltz , Maria Vakalopoulou , Dimitris Samaras

In many histopathology tasks, sample classification depends on morphological details in tissue or single cells that are only visible at the highest magnification. For a pathologist, this implies tedious zooming in and out, while for a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Ario Sadafi , Nassir Navab , Carsten Marr