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We explore the limiting empirical eigenvalue distributions arising from matrices of the form \[A_{n+1} = \begin{bmatrix} A_n & I\\ I & A_n \end{bmatrix} , \]where $A_0$ is the adjacency matrix of a $k$-regular graph. We find that for…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2018-07-23 Clark Alexander , Tara Nenninger , Danielle Tucker

This paper establishes a comparison theorem for the maximum eigenvalue of a sum of independent random symmetric matrices. The theorem states that the maximum eigenvalue of the matrix sum is dominated by the maximum eigenvalue of a Gaussian…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-03-17 Joel A. Tropp

We consider $N\times N$ self-adjoint Gaussian random matrices defined by an arbitrary deterministic sparsity pattern with $d$ nonzero entries per row. We show that such random matrices exhibit a canonical localization-delocalization…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-01-03 Laura Shou , Ramon van Handel

We show that, with very high probability, the random graph Laplacian has simple spectrum. Our method provides a quantitatively effective estimate of the spectral gaps. Along the way, we establish results on affine no-gaps delocalization,…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-03-18 Nicholas Christoffersen , Kyle Luh , Hoi H. Nguyen , Jingheng Wang

In this note, we show that the norm of an $n\times n$ random jointly exchangeable matrix with zero diagonal can be estimated in terms of the norm of its $n/2\times n/2$ submatrix located in the top right corner. As a consequence, we prove a…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-01-07 Konstantin Tikhomirov , Pierre Youssef

Consider an $N\times N$ hermitian random matrix with independent entries, not necessarily Gaussian, a so called Wigner matrix. It has been conjectured that the local spacing distribution, i.e. the distribution of the distance between…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Kurt Johansson

We introduce a powerful analytic method to study the statistics of the number $\mathcal{N}_{\textbf{A}}(\gamma)$ of eigenvalues inside any contour $\gamma \in \mathbb{C}$ for infinitely large non-Hermitian random matrices ${\textbf A}$. Our…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2021-06-09 Antonio Tonatiúh Ramos Sánchez , Edgar Guzmán-González , Isaac Pérez Castillo , Fernando L. Metz

We investigate the level spacing distribution for three ensembles of real symmetric matrices having additional structural constraint to reduce the number of independent entries to only $ (n+1)/2 $ in contrast to the $ n(n+1)/2 $ for a real…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2022-12-13 Md. Sabir Ali , Shashi C. L. Srivastava

We study the nodal intersections number of random Gaussian toral Laplace eigenfunctions ("arithmetic random waves") against a fixed smooth reference curve. The expected intersection number is proportional to the the square root of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-09-26 Maurizia Rossi , Igor Wigman

We consider the statistics of extreme eigenvalues of random $d$-regular graphs, with $N^{\mathfrak c}\leq d\leq N^{1/3-{\mathfrak c}}$ for arbitrarily small ${\mathfrak c}>0$. We prove that in this regime, the fluctuations of extreme…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-06-12 Jiaoyang Huang , Horng-Tzer Yau

Here we have investigated a few properties of the eigenvalues of normalized (geometric) graph Laplacian in different graphs. Preservation of eigenvalue 1 from a particular subgraph to the entire graph, the spectrum of the graph constructed…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-03-07 Anirban Banerjee

The properties of eigenvalues of large dimensional random matrices have received considerable attention. One important achievement is the existence and identification of the limiting spectral distribution of the empirical spectral…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-06-12 Wenxue Du , Xueliang Li , Yiyang Li

Recently normalized Laplacian matrices of graphs are studied as density matrices in quantum mechanics. Separability and entanglement of density matrices are important properties as they determine the nonclassical behavior in quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-02-28 Chai Wah Wu

Graph matrices are a type of matrix which has played a crucial role in analyzing the sum of squares hierarchy on average case problems. However, except for rough norm bounds, little is known about graph matrices. In this paper, we take a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-06-26 Wenjun Cai , Aaron Potechin

We use the idea of a Wigner surmise to compute approximate distributions of the first eigenvalue in chiral Random Matrix Theory, for both real and complex eigenvalues. Testing against known results for zero and maximal non-Hermiticity in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-02-16 G. Akemann , E. Bittner , M. J. Phillips , L. Shifrin

The paper deals with the distribution of singular values of the input-output Jacobian of deep untrained neural networks in the limit of their infinite width. The Jacobian is the product of random matrices where the independent rectangular…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-07-13 Leonid Pastur

We revisit the probabilistic construction of sparse random matrices where each column has a fixed number of nonzeros whose row indices are drawn uniformly at random. These matrices have a one-to-one correspondence with the adjacency…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-07-25 Bubacarr Bah , Jared Tanner

Finding eigenvalue distributions for a number of sparse random matrix ensembles can be reduced to solving nonlinear integral equations of the Hammerstein type. While a systematic mathematical theory of such equations exists, it has not been…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-01-24 Pawat Akara-pipattana , Oleg Evnin

We consider the statistics of the extreme eigenvalues of sparse random matrices, a class of random matrices that includes the normalized adjacency matrices of the Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi graph $G(N,p)$. Tracy-Widom fluctuations of the extreme…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-12-12 Jiaoyang Huang , Benjamin Landon , Horng-Tzer Yau

Random matrix theory is a powerful way to describe universal correlations of eigenvalues of complex systems. It also may serve as a schematic model for disorder in quantum systems. In this review, we discuss both types of applications of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-31 J. J. M. Verbaarschot , T. Wettig