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Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated their remarkable capabilities in numerous fields. This survey focuses on how LLMs empower users, regardless of their technical background, to use human languages to automatically generate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Nam Huynh , Beiyu Lin

Software sustainability is emerging as a primary concern, aiming to optimize resource utilization, minimize environmental impact, and promote a greener, more resilient digital ecosystem. The sustainability or "greenness" of software is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Samarth Sikand , Rohit Mehra , Vibhu Saujanya Sharma , Vikrant Kaulgud , Sanjay Podder , Adam P. Burden

The emergence of large language models (LLMs) has significantly pushed the frontiers of program synthesis. Advancement of LLM-based program synthesis calls for a thorough evaluation of LLM-generated code. Most evaluation frameworks focus on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Ruizhong Qiu , Weiliang Will Zeng , James Ezick , Christopher Lott , Hanghang Tong

Many automatic attribute discovery methods have been developed to extract a set of visual attributes from images for various tasks. However, despite good performance in some image classification tasks, it is difficult to evaluate whether…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-02-08 Liangchen Liu , Arnold Wiliem , Shaokang Chen , Brian C. Lovell

Starting from the 1950s, Machine Translation (MT) was challenged by different scientific solutions, which included rule-based methods, example-based and statistical models (SMT), to hybrid models, and very recent years the neural models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Lifeng Han , Serge Gladkoff

Most state-of-the-art machine learning (ML) classification systems are vulnerable to adversarial perturbations. As a consequence, adversarial robustness poses a significant challenge for the deployment of ML-based systems in safety- and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Felix Assion , Peter Schlicht , Florens Greßner , Wiebke Günther , Fabian Hüger , Nico Schmidt , Umair Rasheed

This paper focuses on Code Generation task that aims at generating relevant code fragments according to given natural language descriptions. In the process of software development, developers often encounter two scenarios. One is requested…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Zezhou Yang , Sirong Chen , Cuiyun Gao , Zhenhao Li , Ge Li , Michael Lyu

Automatic evaluation metrics are indispensable for evaluating generated text. To date, these metrics have focused almost exclusively on the content selection aspect of the system output, ignoring the linguistic quality aspect altogether. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Wanzheng Zhu , Suma Bhat

With generative AI becoming widespread, the existence of AI-based programming assistants for developers is no surprise. Developers increasingly use them for their work, including generating code to fulfil the data protection requirements…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Kashumi Madampe , John Grundy , Nalin Arachchilage

The task of generating code solutions for a given programming problem can benefit from the use of pre-trained language models such as Codex, which can produce multiple diverse samples. However, a major challenge for this task is to select…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-24 Bei Chen , Fengji Zhang , Anh Nguyen , Daoguang Zan , Zeqi Lin , Jian-Guang Lou , Weizhu Chen

Usability inspection is a well-established technique for identifying interaction issues in software interfaces, thereby contributing to improved product quality. However, it is a costly process that requires time and specialized knowledge…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Luis F. G. Campos , Leonardo C. Marques , Walter T. Nakamura

Adversarial loss in a conditional generative adversarial network (GAN) is not designed to directly optimize evaluation metrics of a target task, and thus, may not always guide the generator in a GAN to generate data with improved metric…

Sound · Computer Science 2019-05-14 Szu-Wei Fu , Chien-Feng Liao , Yu Tsao , Shou-De Lin

Open-domain generative dialogue systems have attracted considerable attention over the past few years. Currently, how to automatically evaluate them, is still a big challenge problem. As far as we know, there are three kinds of automatic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Tian Lan , Xian-Ling Mao , Wei Wei , Xiaoyan Gao , Heyan Huang

Advanced neural language models (NLMs) are widely used in sequence generation tasks because they are able to produce fluent and meaningful sentences. They can also be used to generate fake reviews, which can then be used to attack online…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-04 David Ifeoluwa Adelani , Haotian Mai , Fuming Fang , Huy H. Nguyen , Junichi Yamagishi , Isao Echizen

Existing methods for the zero-shot detection of machine-generated text are dominated by three statistical quantities: log-likelihood, log-rank, and entropy. As language models mimic the distribution of human text ever closer, this will…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Tom Kempton , Stuart Burrell , Connor Cheverall

Commit messages are essential in software development as they serve to document and explain code changes. Yet, their quality often falls short in practice, with studies showing significant proportions of empty or inadequate messages. While…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Qunhong Zeng , Yuxia Zhang , Zexiong Ma , Bo Jiang , Ningyuan Sun , Klaas-Jan Stol , Xingyu Mou , Hui Liu

Coding agents have received significant adoption in software development recently. Unlike traditional LLM-based code completion tools, coding agents work with autonomy (e.g., invoking external tools) and leave visible traces in software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Andre Hora , Romain Robbes

Ensuring that code accurately reflects the algorithms and methods described in research papers is critical for maintaining credibility and fostering trust in AI research. This paper presents a novel system designed to verify code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Rajat Keshri , Arun George Zachariah , Michael Boone

Automatic assessment of code, in particular to support education, is an important feature included in several Learning Management Systems (LMS), at least to some extent. Several kinds of assessments can be designed, such as exercises asking…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-11-28 Sébastien Combéfis , Guillaume de Moffarts

Static code analysis tools and integrated development environments present developers with quality-related software metrics, some of which describe the understandability of source code. Software metrics influence overarching strategic…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Marvin Wyrich , Andreas Preikschat , Daniel Graziotin , Stefan Wagner