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Recently many efforts have been devoted to interpreting the black-box NMT models, but little progress has been made on metrics to evaluate explanation methods. Word Alignment Error Rate can be used as such a metric that matches human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Jierui Li , Lemao Liu , Huayang Li , Guanlin Li , Guoping Huang , Shuming Shi

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) tools for source code generation have significantly boosted productivity in software development. However, they also raise concerns, particularly the risk that developers may rely heavily on these…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Otávio Cury , Guilherme Avelino

This paper investigates the factors influencing programmers' adoption of AI-generated JavaScript code recommendations within the context of lightweight, function-level programming tasks. It extends prior research by (1) utilizing objective…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Changwen Li , Christoph Treude , Ofir Turel

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in software development, generating code that ranges from short snippets to substantial project components. As AI-generated code becomes more common in real-world repositories, it is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Tianhao Mao , Dongfang Zhao , Haixu Tang , Xiaofeng Wang , Hang Zhang

Rerunning a metric-based evaluation should be more straightforward, and results should be closer, than in a human-based evaluation, especially where code and model checkpoints are made available by the original authors. As this report of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Michela Lorandi , Anya Belz

In recent years, the use of deep learning in language models gained much attention. Some research projects claim that they can generate text that can be interpreted as human-writing, enabling new possibilities in many application areas.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-13 Juan Cruz-Benito , Sanjay Vishwakarma , Francisco Martin-Fernandez , Ismael Faro

We present a framework for the automated measurement of responsible AI (RAI) metrics for large language models (LLMs) and associated products and services. Our framework for automatically measuring harms from LLMs builds on existing…

A significant proportion of queries to large language models ask them to edit user-provided text, rather than generate new text from scratch. While previous work focuses on detecting fully AI-generated text, we demonstrate that AI-edited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Katherine Thai , Bradley Emi , Elyas Masrour , Mohit Iyyer

Large Language Models (LLMs) evaluation is a patchy and inconsistent landscape, and it is becoming clear that the quality of automatic evaluation metrics is not keeping up with the pace of development of generative models. We aim to improve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Andrea Sottana , Bin Liang , Kai Zou , Zheng Yuan

Open-ended text generation has become a prominent task in natural language processing due to the rise of powerful (large) language models. However, evaluating the quality of these models and the employed decoding strategies remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Esteban Garces Arias , Hannah Blocher , Julian Rodemann , Meimingwei Li , Christian Heumann , Matthias Aßenmacher

Mutation testing consists of evaluating how effective test suites are at detecting artificially seeded defects in the source code, and guiding the improvement of the test suites. Although mutation testing tools are increasingly adopted in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Philipp Straubinger , Alexander Degenhart , Gordon Fraser

This article explores the natural language generation capabilities of large language models with application to the production of two types of learning resources common in programming courses. Using OpenAI Codex as the large language model,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Sami Sarsa , Paul Denny , Arto Hellas , Juho Leinonen

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are a promising approach for text generation that, unlike traditional language models (LM), does not suffer from the problem of ``exposure bias''. However, A major hurdle for understanding the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-26 Guy Tevet , Gavriel Habib , Vered Shwartz , Jonathan Berant

This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of the code generation capabilities of ChatGPT, a prominent large language model, compared to human programmers. A novel dataset of 131 code-generation prompts across 5 categories was curated…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Muhammad Fawad Akbar Khan , Max Ramsdell , Erik Falor , Hamid Karimi

The rise of large language models (LLMs) has introduced transformative potential in automated code generation, addressing a wide range of software engineering challenges. However, empirical evaluation of LLM-based code generation lacks…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Nathalia Nascimento , Everton Guimaraes , Paulo Alencar

The paper surveys evaluation methods of natural language generation (NLG) systems that have been developed in the last few years. We group NLG evaluation methods into three categories: (1) human-centric evaluation metrics, (2) automatic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-19 Asli Celikyilmaz , Elizabeth Clark , Jianfeng Gao

Large Language Models are essential coding assistants, yet their training is predominantly English-centric. In this study, we evaluate the performance of code language models in non-English contexts, identifying challenges in their adoption…

Machine Translation (MT) evaluation metrics assess translation quality automatically. Recently, researchers have employed MT metrics for various new use cases, such as data filtering and translation re-ranking. However, most MT metrics…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Stefano Perrella , Lorenzo Proietti , Pere-Lluís Huguet Cabot , Edoardo Barba , Roberto Navigli

Meta-evaluation of automatic evaluation metrics -- assessing evaluation metrics themselves -- is crucial for accurately benchmarking natural language processing systems and has implications for scientific inquiry, production model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Athiya Deviyani , Fernando Diaz

Response diversity has become an important criterion for evaluating the quality of open-domain dialogue generation models. However, current evaluation metrics for response diversity often fail to capture the semantic diversity of generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Seungju Han , Beomsu Kim , Buru Chang