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Spiking neural network is a kind of neuromorphic computing that is believed to improve the level of intelligence and provide advantages for quantum computing. In this work, we address this issue by designing an optical spiking neural…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-25 Bo Lu , Yong-Pan Gao , Kai Wen , Chuan Wang

Physical Ising machines rely on nature to guide a dynamical system towards an optimal state which can be read out as a heuristical solution to a combinatorial optimization problem. Such designs that use nature as a computing mechanism can…

Many tasks in our modern life, such as planning an efficient travel, image processing and optimizing integrated circuit design, are modeled as complex combinatorial optimization problems with binary variables. Such problems can be mapped to…

The Ising model provides a natural mapping for many computationally hard combinatorial optimization problems (COPs). Consequently, dynamical system-inspired computing models and hardware platforms that minimize the Ising Hamiltonian, have…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2022-11-11 Mohammad Khairul Bashar , Nikhil Shukla

It is challenging to scale Ising machines for industrial-level problems due to algorithm or hardware limitations. Although higher-order Ising models provide a more compact encoding, they are, however, hard to physically implement. This work…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Yunuo Cen , Zhiwei Zhang , Zixuan Wang , Yimin Wang , Xuanyao Fong

Many combinatorial optimization problems can be reformulated as finding the ground state of the Ising model. Existing Ising solvers are mostly inspired by simulated annealing. Although annealing techniques offer scalability, they lack…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Debraj Banerjee , Santanu Mahapatra , Kunal Narayan Chaudhury

Ising machines are specialized computers for finding the lowest energy states of Ising spin models, onto which many practical combinatorial optimization problems can be mapped. Simulated bifurcation (SB) is a quantum-inspired parallelizable…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Tomoya Kashimata , Masaya Yamasaki , Ryo Hidaka , Kosuke Tatsumura

Many combinatorial optimization problems (COPs) are naturally expressed using variables that take on more than two discrete values. To solve such problems using Ising machines (IMs) - specialized analog or digital devices designed to solve…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-08-06 Robbe De Prins , Guy Van der Sande , Peter Bienstman , Thomas Van Vaerenbergh

Combinatorial optimization has wide applications from industry to natural science. Ising machines bring an emerging computing paradigm for efficiently solving a combinatorial optimization problem by searching a ground state of a given Ising…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-07-16 Kentaro Ohno , Tatsuhiko Shirai , Nozomu Togawa

Combinatorial problems such as combinatorial optimization and constraint satisfaction problems arise in decision-making across various fields of science and technology. In real-world applications, when multiple optimal or…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Yuta Mizuno , Mohammad Ali , Tamiki Komatsuzaki

Decades of exponential scaling in high performance computing (HPC) efficiency is coming to an end. Transistor based logic in complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology is approaching physical limits beyond which further…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Fiona Knoll , John T. Daly , Jess J. Meyer

We report a higher-order neuromorphic Ising machine that exhibits superior scalability compared to architectures based on quadratization, while also achieving state-of-the-art quality and reliability in solutions with competitive…

A spatial photonic Ising machine (SPIM) handles large-scale combinatorial optimization problems owing to optical processing with spatial parallelism. However, iterative feedback in the search for optimal solutions limits processing speed…

Optics · Physics 2025-02-27 Suguru Shimomura , Jun Tanida , Yusuke Ogura

The past decade has seen the emergence of Ising machines targeting hard combinatorial optimization problems by minimizing the Ising Hamiltonian with spins represented by continuous dynamical variables. However, capabilities of these…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Aditya Shukla , Mikhail Erementchouk , Pinaki Mazumder

The general-purpose programmable photonic processors offer a scalable and reconfigurable solution for a wide range of RF and optical applications. Therefore, implementing photonic Ising machines using programmable processors leverages the…

Finding the ground states of the Ising Hamiltonian [1] maps to various combinatorial optimization problems in biology, medicine, wireless communications, artificial intelligence, and social network. So far no efficient classical and quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-30 Alireza Marandi , Zhe Wang , Kenta Takata , Robert L. Byer , Yoshihisa Yamamoto

We discuss a dynamical systems perspective on discrete optimization. Departing from the fact that many combinatorial optimization problems can be reformulated as finding low energy spin configurations in corresponding Ising models, we…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-05-16 Tong Guanchun , Michael Muehlebach

Ising machines (IM) are physics-inspired alternatives to von Neumann architectures for solving hard optimization tasks. By mapping binary variables to coupled Ising spins, IMs can naturally solve unconstrained combinatorial optimization…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Corentin Delacour

Ising machines (IMs) are specialized devices designed to efficiently solve combinatorial optimization problems (COPs). They consist of artificial spins that evolve towards a low-energy configuration representing a problem's solution. Most…

Specialized function gradient computing hardware could greatly improve the performance of state-of-the-art optimization algorithms, e.g., based on gradient descent or conjugate gradient methods that are at the core of control, machine…