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Inference-time search algorithms such as Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) may seem unnecessary when generating natural language text based on state-of-the-art reinforcement learning such as Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO). In this paper,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Jiacheng Liu , Andrew Cohen , Ramakanth Pasunuru , Yejin Choi , Hannaneh Hajishirzi , Asli Celikyilmaz

Leveraging the power of a graph neural network (GNN) with message passing, we present a Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) method to solve stochastic orienteering problems with chance constraints. While adhering to an assigned travel budget the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Marcos Abel Zuzuárregui , Stefano Carpin

We propose Monte Carlo Permutation Search (MCPS), a general-purpose Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) algorithm that improves upon the GRAVE algorithm. MCPS is relevant when deep reinforcement learning is not an option or when the computing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Tristan Cazenave

To enable the transition from fossil fuels towards renewable energy, the low-voltage grid needs to be reinforced at a faster pace and on a larger scale than was historically the case. To efficiently plan reinforcements, one needs to…

Applications · Statistics 2024-11-11 J. Soenen , A. Yurtman , T. Becker , K. Vanthournout , H. Blockeel

Interactive fictions, or text-adventures, are games in which a player interacts with a world entirely through textual descriptions and text actions. Text-adventure games are typically structured as puzzles or quests wherein the player must…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-20 Prithviraj Ammanabrolu , William Broniec , Alex Mueller , Jeremy Paul , Mark O. Riedl

Provably correct distributed protocols, which are a critical component of modern distributed systems, are highly challenging to design and have often required decades of human effort. These protocols allow multiple agents to coordinate to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Yujie Hui , Xiaoyi Lu , Andrew Perrault , Yang Wang

Training robots in simulation requires diverse 3D scenes that reflect the specific challenges of downstream tasks. However, scenes that satisfy strict task requirements, such as high-clutter environments with plausible spatial arrangement,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Nicholas Pfaff , Hongkai Dai , Sergey Zakharov , Shun Iwase , Russ Tedrake

Distractors-incorrect yet plausible answer choices in multiple-choice questions (MCQs)-are vital in educational assessments, as they help identify student misconceptions by presenting potential reasoning errors. Current distractor…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Tao Wu , Jingyuan Chen , Wang Lin , Jian Zhan , Mengze Li , Fangzhou Jin , Min Zhang , Kun Kuang , Fei Wu

Methods for dynamic difficulty adjustment allow games to be tailored to particular players to maximize their engagement. However, current methods often only modify a limited set of game features such as the difficulty of the opponents, or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Miguel González-Duque , Rasmus Berg Palm , David Ha , Sebastian Risi

Real-time strategy (RTS) games make heavy use of artificial intelligence (AI), especially in the design of computerized opponents. Because of the computational complexity involved in managing all aspects of these games, many AI opponents…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-03-07 Ian Helmke , Daniel Kreymer , Karl Wiegand

In recent years, Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS) has achieved widespread adoption within the game community. Its use in conjunction with deep reinforcement learning has produced success stories in many applications. While these approaches…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Kimiya Saadat , Richard Zhao

AlphaZero, using a combination of Deep Neural Networks and Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS), has successfully trained reinforcement learning agents in a tabula-rasa way. The neural MCTS algorithm has been successful in finding near-optimal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Prashank Kadam , Ruiyang Xu , Karl Lieberherr

Recent pre-trained language models have shown promising capabilities in generating fluent and realistic natural language text. However, generating multi-sentence text with global content planning has been a long-existing research question.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Yinhong Liu , Yixuan Su , Ehsan Shareghi , Nigel Collier

This paper proposes a novel reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm using improved Monte Carlo tree search (IMCTS) formulation for discrete optimum design of truss structures. IMCTS with multiple root nodes includes update process, the best…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Fu-Yao Ko , Katsuyuki Suzuki , Kazuo Yonekura

The paper presents the PCGPT framework, an innovative approach to procedural content generation (PCG) using offline reinforcement learning and transformer networks. PCGPT utilizes an autoregressive model based on transformers to generate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Sajad Mohaghegh , Mohammad Amin Ramezan Dehnavi , Golnoosh Abdollahinejad , Matin Hashemi

Procedural Content Generation (PCG) refers to the practice, in videogames and other games, of generating content such as levels, quests, or characters algorithmically. Motivated by the need to make games replayable, as well as to reduce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-18 Sebastian Risi , Julian Togelius

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is a widely used approach for policy improvement through search with increasing popularity for real world applications. Due to the sequential and deterministic nature of its search, runtime-scaling of MCTS…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Yaniv Oren , Viliam Vadocz , Joery A. de Vries , Wendelin Böhmer , Matthijs T. J. Spaan , Hendrik Baier

We introduce a procedural content generation (PCG) framework at the intersections of experience-driven PCG and PCG via reinforcement learning, named ED(PCG)RL, EDRL in short. EDRL is able to teach RL designers to generate endless playable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Tianye Shu , Jialin Liu , Georgios N. Yannakakis

Policy gradient (PG) is a reinforcement learning (RL) approach that optimizes a parameterized policy model for an expected return using gradient ascent. While PG can work well even in non-Markovian environments, it may encounter plateaus or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Tetsuro Morimura , Kazuhiro Ota , Kenshi Abe , Peinan Zhang

The most important factors which contribute to the efficiency of game-theoretical algorithms are time and game complexity. In this study, we have offered an elegant method to deal with high complexity of game theoretic multi-objective…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-03-13 Mahsa Badami , Ali Hamzeh , Sattar Hashemi
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