Related papers: Q-ball Superradiance
This paper is concerned with the dynamics and interactions of Q-balls in (1+1)-dimensions. The asymptotic force between well-separated Q-balls is calculated to show that Q-balls can be attractive or repulsive depending upon their relative…
Supersymmetry implies that stable non-topological solitons, Q-balls, could form in the early universe and could make up all or part of dark matter. We show that the relic Q-balls passing through Earth can produce a detectable neutrino flux.…
This paper concerns hylomorphic solitons, namely stable, solitary waves whose existence is related to the ratio energy/charge. In theoretical physics, the name Q-ball refers to a type of hylomorphic solitons or soli- tary waves relative to…
Superradiance of nuclear spins is considered, when the nuclei interact via hyperfine forces with electrons of a ferromagnet. The consideration is based on a microscopic model. If the sample, coupled with a resonant electric circuit,…
We discuss the conditions under which plane electromagnetic and gravitational waves can be amplified by a rotating black hole due to superradiant scattering. We show, in particular, that amplification can occur for low-frequency waves with…
Q-balls are non-topological solitons that arise in theories with a complex scalar field possessing a conserved global U(1) charge. Their stability is ensured by this charge, making them potentially significant in cosmology. In this paper,…
Wave equations containing spatial derivatives which are higher than second order arise naturally in the context of condensed matter systems. The solutions of such equations contain more than two modes and consequently, the range of possible…
Superradiance, the enhanced collective emission of light from a coherent ensemble of quantum systems, has been typically studied in atomic ensembles. In this work we study the enhanced emission of energy from coherent ensembles of harmonic…
Non-topological gauged soliton solutions called Q-balls arise in many scalar field theories that are invariant under a U(1) gauge symmetry. The related, but qualitatively distinct, Q-shell solitons have only been shown to exist for special…
Q-balls are non-topological solitons in a large family of field theories. We focus on the existence of $U(1)$ gauged Q-balls for a field theory with sixth-order potential. The problem can be reduced to proving the existence of critical…
In the present paper, we continue to study the two-dimensional soliton system that is composed of vortex and Q-ball components interacting with each other through an Abelian gauge field. This vortex-Q-ball system is electrically neutral as…
In the present paper, perturbations against a Q-ball solution are considered. It is shown that if we calculate the U(1) charge and the energy of the modes, which are solutions to linearized equations of motion, up to the second order in…
Stable baryonic Q-balls, which appear in supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model, could form at the end of cosmological inflation from fragmentation of the Affleck -- Dine condensate. We reconsider astrophysical constraints on such…
We examine the energetics of Q-balls in Maxwell-Chern-Simons theory in two space dimensions. Whereas gauged Q-balls are unallowed in this dimension in the absence of a Chern-Simons term due to a divergent electromagnetic energy, the…
We obtain Q-ball solutions in noncommutative scalar field theory with a global U(1) invariance. The Q-ball solutions are shown to be classically and quantum mechanically stable. We also find that "excited Q-ball" states exist for some class…
In relativistic quantum field theories, compact objects of interacting bosons can become stable owing to conservation of an additive quantum number $Q$. Discovering such $Q$-balls propagating in the Universe would confirm supersymmetric…
We investigate the properties of interacting Q-balls and boson stars that sit on top of each other in great detail. The model that describes these solutions is essentially a (gravitating) two-scalar field model where both scalar fields are…
Q-balls are non-topological solitons whose classical stability is ensured by a global $U(1)$ charge. In particular, Q-balls are produced in the framework of the Affleck-Dine baryogenesis where $U(1)$ charge is the baryon number. Since some…
We consider the $U(1)$ gauged two-component Friedberg-Lee-Sirlin model in 3+1 dimensional Minkowski spacetime, which supports non-topological soliton configurations. Here we found families of axially-symmetric spinning gauged Q-balls, which…
We investigate spherically symmetric non topological solitons in electrodynamics with a scalar field self interaction U ~|\psi| taken from the complex signum-Gordon model. We find Q-balls for small absolute values of the total electric…