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We present a unified framework for studying the identifiability of representations learned from simultaneously observed views, such as different data modalities. We allow a partially observed setting in which each view constitutes a…

Classic item response models assume that all items with the same difficulty have the same response probability among all respondents with the same ability. These assumptions, however, may very well be violated in practice, and it is not…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-08-23 Minjeong Jeon , Ick Hoon Jin , Michael Schweinberger , Samuel Baugh

Predictive algorithms inform consequential decisions in settings with selective labels: outcomes are observed only for units selected by past decision makers. This creates an identification problem under unobserved confounding -- when…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-11-07 Ashesh Rambachan , Amanda Coston , Edward Kennedy

Despite their impressive performance on a wide variety of tasks, modern language models remain susceptible to distribution shifts, exhibiting brittle behavior when evaluated on data that differs in distribution from their training data. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Victoria Lin , Louis-Philippe Morency , Eli Ben-Michael

Many existing approaches to generalizing statistical inference amidst distribution shift operate under the covariate shift assumption, which posits that the conditional distribution of unobserved variables given observable ones is invariant…

Applications · Statistics 2024-12-13 Ying Jin , Naoki Egami , Dominik Rothenhäusler

Identifying causal relationships from observation data is difficult, in large part, due to the presence of hidden common causes. In some cases, where just the right patterns of conditional independence and dependence lie in the data---for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-01-08 David Heckerman

The paper deals with models in which the dependent variable, some explanatory variables, or both represent sensitive data. We introduce a novel discretization method that preserves data privacy when working with such variables. A multiple…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-09-25 Felix Chan , Laszlo Matyas , Agoston Reguly

The random utility model, a cornerstone in economics, is axiomatized by Falmagne (1978) and McFadden and Richter (1990) with the assumption that if a menu is observable, the choice frequencies of all alternatives are also observable.…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-10-07 Haruki Kono , Kota Saito , Alec Sandroni

We highlight that match fixed effects, represented by the coefficients of interaction terms involving dummy variables for two elements, lack identification without specific restrictions on parameters. Consequently, the coefficients…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-08-22 Suguru Otani , Tohya Sugano

Given only aggregate choice data and limited information about how menus are distributed across the population, we describe what can be inferred robustly about the distribution of preferences (or more general decision rules). We strengthen…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2024-05-16 Larry G Epstein , Kaushil Patel

Consider a panel data setting where repeated observations on individuals are available. Often it is reasonable to assume that there exist groups of individuals that share similar effects of observed characteristics, but the grouping is…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-09 Lu Yu , Jiaying Gu , Stanislav Volgushev

Can objects that are not visible in an image -- but are in the vicinity of the camera -- be detected? This study introduces the novel tasks of 2D, 2.5D and 3D unobserved object detection for predicting the location of nearby objects that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Subhransu S. Bhattacharjee , Dylan Campbell , Rahul Shome

I provide a model of rational inattention with heterogeneity and prove it is observationally equivalent to a state-dependent stochastic choice model subject to attention costs. I demonstrate that additive separability of unobservable…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-02-16 Martin Bustos

The paper concerns the probabilistic evaluation of plans in the presence of unmeasured variables, each plan consisting of several concurrent or sequential actions. We establish a graphical criterion for recognizing when the effects of a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-21 Judea Pearl , James M. Robins

Causal disentanglement aims to learn about latent causal factors behind data, holding the promise to augment existing representation learning methods in terms of interpretability and extrapolation. Recent advances establish identifiability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Ryan Welch , Jiaqi Zhang , Caroline Uhler

Note: Accepted version, published in Statistical Papers, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00362-023-01414-3. It is shown that some theoretically identifiable parameters cannot be empirically identified, meaning that no consistent estimator of them…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-04-18 Christian Hennig

The paper discusses fundamental detectability properties associated with the problem of distributed state estimation using networked observers. The main result of the paper establishes connections between detectability of the plant through…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2014-01-28 V. Ugrinovskii

Missing data problems arise in many applied research studies. They may jeopardize statistical inference of the model of interest, if the missing mechanism is nonignorable, that is, the missing mechanism depends on the missing values…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-09-15 Wang Miao , Peng Ding , Zhi Geng

Unobserved confounding is a central barrier to drawing causal inferences from observational data. Several authors have recently proposed that this barrier can be overcome in the case where one attempts to infer the effects of several…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-03-20 Alexander D'Amour

Multitype branching processes with immigration in one type are used to model the dynamics of stage-structured plant populations. Parametric inference is first carried out when count data of all types are observed. Statistical…

Applications · Statistics 2009-02-27 Catherine Laredo , Olivier David , Aurélie Garnier
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