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Establishing a unified framework that simultaneously accounts for the wideband diffuse neutrino flux and the physical origin of individual ultra-high-energy (UHE) neutrino detections, including KM3-230213A, remains a pressing challenge in…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-12 Shiqi Yu , Bing Theodore Zhang

The energy dissipation mechanism within Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) outflows, driving their extremely luminous prompt $\gamma$-ray emission is still uncertain. The leading candidates are internal shocks and magnetic reconnection. While the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-05-13 Paz Beniamini , Jonathan Granot

The high-energy (> 100MeV) emission observed by Fermi-LAT during the prompt phase of some luminous gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) could arise from the cascade induced by interactions between accelerated protons and the radiation field of GRBs. The…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-04-25 Kai Wang , Ruo-Yu Liu , Zi-Gao Dai , Katsuaki Asano

Previous research on Lorentz invariance violation in photons from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) suggested a scenario where multi-GeV photons could be emitted before lower-energy photons at the GRB source frame. This implies the existence of a new…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-10-17 Qing Liu , Hanlin Song , Bo-Qiang Ma

Prompt optical emission from the $\gamma$-ray burst of GRB 041219A has been reported by Vestrand et al. There was a fast rise of optical emission simultaneous with the dominant $\gamma$-ray pulse, and a tight correlation with the prompt…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Zheng Zheng , Ye Lu , Yong-Heng Zhao

GRB 210731A was a long-duration gamma-ray burst discovered by the Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) aboard the Neil Gehrels Swift observatory. Swift triggered the wide-field, robotic MeerLICHT optical telescope in Sutherland; it began observing…

Very early optical and near infrared (IR) emission was discovered accompanying the long gamma-ray burst (GRB) 041219a. We show that the optical/IR flash tracking the gamma-ray lightcurve during the prompt emission could be understood as…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Y. Z. Fan , Bing Zhang , D. M. Wei

Radially inhomogeneous gamma-ray burst (GRB) jets release variable photospheric emission and can have internal shocks occurring above the photosphere. We generically formulate a photospheric emission model of GRBs including Compton…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-18 Kenji Toma , Xue-Feng Wu , Peter Meszaros

The detection in 10 bursts of an optical counterpart emission (i.e. during the prompt GRB phase) that is 10-10000 brighter than the extrapolation of the burst spectrum to optical frequencies suggests a synchrotron self-Compton origin for…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-11 A. Panaitescu

Gamma-ray bursts (GRB) are generally believed to be efficient particle accelerators. In the presence of energetic protons in a GRB jet, interactions between these protons and intense radiation field of the GRB are supposed to induce…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-02-01 Ruo-Yu Liu , Hai-Ming Zhang , Xiang-Yu Wang

We propose a novel model to produce ultrahigh-energy cosmic-rays (UHECRs) in gamma-ray burst jets. After the prompt gamma-ray emission, hydrodynamical turbulence is excited in the GRB jets at or before the afterglow phase. The mildly…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-08-03 Katsuaki Asano , Peter Meszaros

Early multiwavelength observations offer crucial insights into the nature of the relativistic jets responsible for gamma-ray bursts and their interaction with the surrounding medium.We present data of GRB 240825A from 17 space- and…

In the internal shock scenario for GRBs we expect some fraction of the energy of the burst to be carried by slow moving shells that were ejected at late times. These slow shells collide with faster moving outer shells when the outer shells…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Pawan Kumar , Tsvi Piran

This paper introduces a kinetic code that simulates gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglow emission from the external forward shock and presents examples of some of its applications. One interesting research topic discussed in the paper is the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-09-24 T. Pennanen , I. Vurm , J. Poutanen

The ultra-relativistic jet released in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is expected to produce ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs), prompt gamma-ray emission and hence prompt high-energy neutrinos by photopion interactions. In this work, we…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-08-12 Qinyuan Zhang , Zhuo Li

The extended high-energy gamma-ray (>100 MeV) emission which occurs well after the prompt gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is usually explained as the afterglow synchrotron radiation. Here we report the analysis of the Fermi Large Area Telescope…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-19 Qing-Wen Tang , Pak-Hin Thomas Tam , Xiang-Yu Wang

Observations of very early multi-wavelength afterglows are critical to reveal the properties of the radiating fireball and its environment as well as the central engine of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). We report our optical observations of GRB…

The bright, short and hard GRB 090510 was detected by all instruments aboard Fermi and Swift satellites. The multiwavelength observations of this burst presented similar features with the Fermi-LAT-detected gamma-ray bursts. In the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-02-15 Nissim Fraija , William H. Lee , Peter Veres , Rodolfo Barniol Duran

Even though the observed spectra for GRB prompt emission is well constrained, no single radiation mechanism can robustly explain its distinct non-thermal nature. Here we explore the radiation mechanism with the photospheric emission model…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-08-10 Mukul Bhattacharya , Pawan Kumar

We revisit the neutrino and ultra high-energy cosmic ray (UHECR) production from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with time-dependent simulations for the proton-induced cascades. This method can generate self-consistent photon, neutrino and escaped…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-18 Katsuaki Asano , Peter Meszaros