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Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) set the state-of-the-art in representation learning for graph-structured data. They are used in many domains, from online social networks to complex molecules. Most GNNs leverage the message-passing paradigm and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Tuğrul Hasan Karabulut , İnci M. Baytaş

Deploying graph neural networks (GNNs) on whole-graph classification or regression tasks is known to be challenging: it often requires computing node features that are mindful of both local interactions in their neighbourhood and the global…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Andreea Deac , Marc Lackenby , Petar Veličković

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are known to be vulnerable to oversmoothing due to their implicit homophily assumption. We mitigate this problem with a novel scheme that regulates the aggregation of messages, modulating the type and extent of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Haishan Wang , Arno Solin , Vikas Garg

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have achieved strong performance across various real-world domains. Nevertheless, they suffer from oversquashing, where long-range information is distorted as it is compressed through limited message-passing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Tanvir Hossain , Muhammad Ifte Khairul Islam , Lilia Chebbah , Charles Fanning , Esra Akbas

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are models that leverage the graph structure to transmit information between nodes, typically through the message-passing operation. While widely successful, this approach is well known to suffer from the…

Graph convolutional neural networks (GCNNs) have received much attention recently, owing to their capability in handling graph-structured data. Among the existing GCNNs, many methods can be viewed as instances of a neural message passing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-19 Tien Huu Do , Duc Minh Nguyen , Giannis Bekoulis , Adrian Munteanu , Nikos Deligiannis

Deep Graph Neural Networks struggle with oversmoothing. This paper introduces a novel, physics-inspired GNN model designed to mitigate this issue. Our approach integrates with existing GNN architectures, introducing an entropy-aware message…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Philipp Nazari , Oliver Lemke , Davide Guidobene , Artiom Gesp

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have become pivotal tools for processing graph-structured data, leveraging the message passing scheme as their core mechanism. However, traditional GNNs often grapple with issues such as instability,…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-20 Yuanhong Jiang , Dongmian Zou , Xiaoqun Zhang , Yu Guang Wang

Subgraph GNNs enhance message-passing GNNs expressivity by representing graphs as sets of subgraphs, demonstrating impressive performance across various tasks. However, their scalability is hindered by the need to process large numbers of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Guy Bar-Shalom , Yam Eitan , Fabrizio Frasca , Haggai Maron

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are key tools for graph representation learning, demonstrating strong results across diverse prediction tasks. In this paper, we present Convexified Message-Passing Graph Neural Networks (CGNNs), a novel and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Saar Cohen , Noa Agmon , Uri Shaham

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved a lot of success with graph-structured data. However, it is observed that the performance of GNNs does not improve (or even worsen) as the number of layers increases. This effect has known as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Yeskendir Koishekenov

The dominant paradigm for learning on graph-structured data is message passing. Despite being a strong inductive bias, the local message passing mechanism suffers from pathological issues such as over-smoothing, over-squashing, and limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Jacob Bamberger , Federico Barbero , Xiaowen Dong , Michael M. Bronstein

We propose Scalable Message Passing Neural Networks (SMPNNs) and demonstrate that, by integrating standard convolutional message passing into a Pre-Layer Normalization Transformer-style block instead of attention, we can produce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Haitz Sáez de Ocáriz Borde , Artem Lukoianov , Anastasis Kratsios , Michael Bronstein , Xiaowen Dong

Despite the Graph Neural Networks' (GNNs) proficiency in analyzing graph data, achieving high-accuracy and interpretable predictions remains challenging. Existing GNN interpreters typically provide post-hoc explanations disjointed from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Zhenhua Huang , Kunhao Li , Shaojie Wang , Zhaohong Jia , Wentao Zhu , Sharad Mehrotra

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as a cornerstone of deep learning, with most existing methods rooted in graph signal processing and diffusion equations to model message passing. However, these approaches inherently suffer from the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Zexing Zhao , Guangsi Shi , Yu Gong , Tianyu Wang , Shirui Pan , Hongye Cheng , Yuxiao Li

Message passing neural networks (MPNNs) learn the representation of graph-structured data based on graph original information, including node features and graph structures, and have shown astonishing improvement in node classification…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-30 Xiao Liu , Lijun Zhang , Hui Guan

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have emerged as powerful tools for processing relational data in applications. However, GNNs suffer from the problem of oversmoothing, the property that the features of all nodes exponentially converge to the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-22 Bastian Epping , Alexandre René , Moritz Helias , Michael T. Schaub

Graph neural networks (GNNs) integrate deep architectures and topological structure modeling in an effective way. However, the performance of existing GNNs would decrease significantly when they stack many layers, because of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-07 Kaixiong Zhou , Xiao Huang , Daochen Zha , Rui Chen , Li Li , Soo-Hyun Choi , Xia Hu

There has been tremendous success in the field of graph neural networks (GNNs) as a result of the development of the message-passing (MP) layer, which updates the representation of a node by combining it with its neighbors to address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-11 Hyeokjin Kwon , Jong-Min Lee

Training deep graph neural networks (GNNs) poses a challenging task, as the performance of GNNs may suffer from the number of hidden message-passing layers. The literature has focused on the proposals of {over-smoothing} and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-02-27 Yirui Liu , Xinghao Qiao , Liying Wang , Jessica Lam
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