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Recent advances in contrastive language-image pretraining (CLIP) have demonstrated strong capabilities in zero-shot classification by aligning visual representations with target text embeddings in an image level. However, in dense…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Feng Wang , Jieru Mei , Alan Yuille

We introduce Robust Filter Attention (RFA), a formulation of self-attention as a robust state estimator. Each token is treated as a noisy observation of a latent trajectory governed by a linear stochastic differential equation (SDE), and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Peter Racioppo

Recently, Transformers have shown promising performance in various vision tasks. To reduce the quadratic computation complexity caused by the global self-attention, various methods constrain the range of attention within a local region to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-30 Sitong Wu , Tianyi Wu , Haoru Tan , Guodong Guo

The aim of this work is to introduce simplicial attention networks (SANs), i.e., novel neural architectures that operate on data defined on simplicial complexes leveraging masked self-attentional layers. Hinging on formal arguments from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-29 L. Giusti , C. Battiloro , P. Di Lorenzo , S. Sardellitti , S. Barbarossa

Linear attention has emerged as a promising alternative to softmax-based attention, leveraging kernelized feature maps to reduce complexity from quadratic to linear in sequence length. However, the non-negative constraint on feature maps…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Weikang Meng , Yadan Luo , Xin Li , Dongmei Jiang , Zheng Zhang

Linear attention significantly reduces the computational complexity of Transformers from quadratic to linear, yet it consistently lags behind softmax-based attention in performance. We identify the root cause of this degradation as the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Weikang Meng , Liangyu Huo , Yadan Luo , Yaowei Wang , Yingjian Li , Zheng Zhang

Complex feature extractors are widely employed for text representation building. However, these complex feature extractors make the NLP systems prone to overfitting especially when the downstream training datasets are relatively small,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-11 Ming Li , Ruihong Huang

Maximal Coding Rate Reduction (MCR2)-driven white-box transformer, grounded in structured representation learning, unifies interpretability and efficiency, providing a reliable white-box solution for visual modeling. However, in existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Tianyuan Liu , Libin Hou , Linyuan Wang , Bin Yan

Transformer-based deep models for single image super-resolution (SISR) have greatly improved the performance of lightweight SISR tasks in recent years. However, they often suffer from heavy computational burden and slow inference due to the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-09 Xiaole Zhao , Linze Li , Chengxing Xie , Xiaoming Zhang , Ting Jiang , Wenjie Lin , Shuaicheng Liu , Tianrui Li

Self-attention scales quadratically with input size, limiting its use for large-scale physical systems. Although sparse attention mechanisms provide a viable alternative, they are primarily designed for regular structures such as text or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Catalin E. Brita , Hieu Nguyen , Lohithsai Yadala Chanchu , Domonkos Nagy , Maksim Zhdanov

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have become a universal backbone for both image recognition and image generation. Yet their Multi-Head Self-Attention (MHSA) layer still performs a quadratic query-key interaction for every token pair, spending…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Yifan Pu , Jixuan Ying , Qixiu Li , Tianzhu Ye , Dongchen Han , Xiaochen Wang , Ziyi Wang , Xinyu Shao , Gao Huang , Xiu Li

Multi-headed Attention's (MHA) quadratic compute and linearly growing KV-cache make long-context transformers expensive to train and serve. Prior works such as Grouped Query Attention (GQA) and Multi-Latent Attention (MLA) shrink the cache,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Tomas Figliolia , Nicholas Alonso , Rishi Iyer , Quentin Anthony , Beren Millidge

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been not only widespread but also achieved noticeable results on numerous applications including image classification, restoration, and generation. Although the weight-sharing property of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-15 Min-Cheol Sagong , Yoon-Jae Yeo , Seung-Won Jung , Sung-Jea Ko

Recently, it has been demonstrated that the performance of a deep convolutional neural network can be effectively improved by embedding an attention module into it. In this work, a novel lightweight and effective attention method named…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-23 Hu Zhang , Keke Zu , Jian Lu , Yuru Zou , Deyu Meng

The computational burden of attention in long-context language models has motivated two largely independent lines of work: sparse attention mechanisms that reduce complexity by attending to selected tokens, and gated attention variants that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Alfred Shen , Aaron Shen

With the rapid growth of user historical behavior data, user interest modeling has become a prominent aspect in Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction, focusing on learning user intent representations. However, this complexity poses…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Xin Song , Xiaochen Li , Jinxin Hu , Hong Wen , Zulong Chen , Yu Zhang , Xiaoyi Zeng , Jing Zhang

The attention mechanism is an important reason for the success of transformers. It relies on computing pairwise relations between tokens. To reduce the high computational cost of standard quadratic attention, linear attention has been…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Hanno Ackermann , Hong Cai , Mohsen Ghafoorian , Amirhossein Habibian

Converting pretrained attention modules such as grouped-query attention (GQA) into multi-head latent attention (MLA) can improve expressivity without increasing KV-cache cost, making it attractive for efficient inference. However, many…

Visual attention helps achieve robust perception under noise, corruption, and distribution shifts in human vision, which are areas where modern neural networks still fall short. We present VARS, Visual Attention from Recurrent Sparse…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Baifeng Shi , Yale Song , Neel Joshi , Trevor Darrell , Xin Wang

Vision Transformers (ViTs) achieve strong data-driven scaling by leveraging all-to-all self-attention. However, this flexibility incurs a computational cost that scales quadratically with image resolution, limiting ViTs in high-resolution…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Alan Z. Song , Yinjie Chen , Mu Nan , Rui Zhang , Jiahang Cao , Weijian Mai , Muquan Yu , Hossein Adeli , Deva Ramanan , Michael J. Tarr , Andrew F. Luo
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