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Semi-supervised learning (SSL) can reduce the need for large labelled datasets by incorporating unlabelled data into the training. This is particularly interesting for semantic segmentation, where labelling data is very costly and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Sebastian Scherer , Robin Schön , Rainer Lienhart

As a practical alternative of speech separation, target speaker extraction (TSE) aims to extract the speech from the desired speaker using additional speaker cue extracted from the speaker. Its main challenge lies in how to properly extract…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Kai Liu , Xucheng Wan , Ziqing Du , Huan Zhou

Speaker extraction algorithm relies on the speech sample from the target speaker as the reference point to focus its attention. Such a reference speech is typically pre-recorded. On the other hand, the temporal synchronization between…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-11 Zexu Pan , Ruijie Tao , Chenglin Xu , Haizhou Li

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) is a popular setting aiming to effectively utilize unlabelled data to improve model performance in downstream natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Currently, there are two popular approaches to make use of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Zhengxiang Shi , Francesco Tonolini , Nikolaos Aletras , Emine Yilmaz , Gabriella Kazai , Yunlong Jiao

Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) has shown great promise in learning representations from unlabeled data. The power of learning representations without the need for human annotations has made SSL a widely used technique in real-world…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Aryan Satpathy , Nilaksh Singh , Dhruva Rajwade , Somesh Kumar

Utilizing Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) models for Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) has proven effective, yet limited research has explored cross-lingual scenarios. This study presents a comparative analysis between human performance and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-01 Zhichen Han , Tianqi Geng , Hui Feng , Jiahong Yuan , Korin Richmond , Yuanchao Li

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has greatly advanced speech representation learning, but multilingual SSL models remain constrained to languages encountered during pretraining. Retraining from scratch to incorporate new languages is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Jing Xu , Minglin Wu , Xueyuan Chen , Xixin Wu , Helen Meng

Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) is a framework that utilizes both labeled and unlabeled data to enhance model performance. Conventional SSL methods operate under the assumption that labeled and unlabeled data share the same label space.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Noam Fluss , Guy Hacohen , Daphna Weinshall

In this paper, we analyze the internal representations of a general-purpose audio self-supervised learning (SSL) model from a neuron-level perspective. Despite their strong empirical performance as feature extractors, the internal…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-18 Takao Kawamura , Daisuke Niizumi , Nobutaka Ono

In this work, we observe a counterintuitive phenomenon in self-supervised learning (SSL): longer training may impair the performance of dense prediction tasks (e.g., semantic segmentation). We refer to this phenomenon as Self-supervised…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Siran Dai , Qianqian Xu , Peisong Wen , Yang Liu , Qingming Huang

The collection and availability of big data, combined with advances in pre-trained models (e.g., BERT, XLNET, etc), have revolutionized the predictive performance of modern natural language processing tasks, ranging from text classification…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Chen Chen , Xuanli He , Lingjuan Lyu , Fangzhao Wu

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has demonstrated its effectiveness in learning representations through comparison methods that align with human intuition. However, mainstream SSL methods heavily rely on high body datasets with single label,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Jiale Chen

Speech models are often trained on sensitive data in order to improve model performance, leading to potential privacy leakage. Our work considers noise masking attacks, introduced by Amid et al. 2022, which attack automatic speech…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Matthew Jagielski , Om Thakkar , Lun Wang

Personalized speech enhancement (PSE) models achieve promising results compared with unconditional speech enhancement models due to their ability to remove interfering speech in addition to background noise. Unlike unconditional speech…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-08 Hassan Taherian , Sefik Emre Eskimez , Takuya Yoshioka

While semi-supervised learning (SSL) algorithms provide an efficient way to make use of both labelled and unlabelled data, they generally struggle when the number of annotated samples is very small. In this work, we consider the problem of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-23 Sylvestre-Alvise Rebuffi , Sebastien Ehrhardt , Kai Han , Andrea Vedaldi , Andrew Zisserman

Large language models (LLMs) have transformed natural language processing, but their ability to memorize training data poses significant privacy risks. This paper investigates model inversion attacks on the Llama 3.2 model, a multilingual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Sathesh P. Sivashanmugam

In the era of transformer models, masked self-supervised learning (SSL) has become a foundational training paradigm. A defining feature of masked SSL is that training aggregates predictions across many masking patterns, giving rise to a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-02 Arie Wortsman Zurich , Federica Gerace , Bruno Loureiro , Yue M. Lu

In learning-based functionality stealing, the attacker is trying to build a local model based on the victim's outputs. The attacker has to make choices regarding the local model's architecture, optimization method and, specifically for NLP…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Vilém Zouhar

Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) enables users to leverage powerful machine learning models through cloud-based APIs, offering scalability and ease of deployment. However, these services are vulnerable to model extraction attacks,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Amit Chakraborty , Sayyed Farid Ahamed , Sandip Roy , Soumya Banerjee , Kevin Choi , Abdul Rahman , Alison Hu , Edward Bowen , Sachin Shetty

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) is an important theme in machine learning, in which we have a few labeled samples and many unlabeled samples. In this paper, for SSL in a regression problem, we consider a method of incorporating information…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Katsuyuki Hagiwara